Unit 1 AOS 1
Two effects of the fight flight response on the body
dilated pupils, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased breathing, decreased digestion, decreased saliva production etc.
three categories on the mental health continuum
mentally healthy, mental health problem, mental disorder
Identify the two binocular cues
retinal disparity and convergence
What is a confederate?
A person working for the experimenter, but that appears to be another participant
Investigation into the incidence of schizophrenia in people who regularly smoke marijuana compared to those that do not.
What is the IV and DV?
IV: marijuana use
DV: incidence of schizophrenia
identify the two processes involved in adaptive plasticity
sprouting and rerouting
2 types of mental disorder
Addiction, anxiety, mood, psychotic, personality
Impact of motivation on visual perception
We will interpret a stimulus to fall in line with what we want to see
What is prejudice?
prejudice is often defined in psychology as holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group.
Investigation into the incidence of schizophrenia in young adults who regularly smoke marijuana compared to those that do not.
Hypothesis?
It is hypothesised that young adults who regularly smoke marijuana will have higher rates of developing schirxophrenia compared to young adults who do not smoke marijuana
What's the role of axon terminals in communication of neurons?
action potential reaches the axon terminals and this triggers the neurotransmitters to release into the synaptic gap (to transmit message to next neuron)
Two characteristics of an infant with secure attachment
Happy to explore when caregiver is present.
Moderate distress when caregiver leaves
Seek physical contact when caregiver returns
Is able to be comforted fairly quickly.
Give example of when we would use gestalt principle of proximity
relevant example. E.g. see the cliques at school as friendship groups because they cluster in different groups.
Distinguish between personal and situational attributions
Personal attributions are when we attribute behaviours to internal factors
Situational attributions are when we attribute behaviours to factors external to the person (environment)
Give an example of qualitative data you could collect about how someone sleeps
e.g. how someone feels the next day (rested, alert, sluggish etc).
Role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in the fight flight response
Sympathetic triggers the fight flight, whilst the parasympathetic returns the body to homeostasis once the threat has passed
Describe object permanence.
objects still exist even if they cannot be seen, heard or touched.
Describe the gestalt principle of figure ground
Dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which is its surroundings, using real or imagined boundary lines. By making an object the centre of our focus it becomes the figure, while all other visual information becomes the (back)ground.
If you have a fond attitude towards lasagne, outline the affective, behavioural and cognitive components in that attitude
Affective: lasagne is yummy
Behavioural: eat it often
Cognitive: know your mum used to make it for you
Describe two ethical considerations that weren't followed in the Stanford prison experiment
Deception, informed consent, withdrawal rights, debriefing
causes (what area of the brain damaged) and symptoms of broca's aphasia
damage to broca's area (in left frontal lobe). Non-fluent but comprehensible speech
explain the two-hit hypothesis in schizophrenia
proposes that two events — genetic vulnerability and environmental stress — cause the development of schizophrenia
Outline the 3 stages and structures involved in visual sensation
Reception: light enters the eye and hits the retina
Transduction: rods and cones convert light energy into electrochemical
Transmission: optic nerve takes info to the primary visual cortex
Identify and explain 1 factor that affects conformity
unanimity: when the group is in full agreement, this increases conformity
Normative influence: conform because you do not want the group to disapprove or judge you for not
informational influence: conform because the group behaviour gives you direction and information on how to respond
group size: conformity increases as group size increases up to 4, stable after that. With certain behaviours, bigger = more conformity
An advantage and disadvantage of random sampling
Advantage: generally representative sample (especially with larger samples)
Disadvantage: can be time consuming, therefore costly to be able to identify all people in population.