Vocabulary 1
A substance that participates in a chemical reaction
What is a reactant?
A neutral organic compound that contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What is a carbohydrate?
During a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form the products.
What is true?
How do exothermic and endothermic reactions differ?
Exothermic reactions release energy (e.g. heat, light, etc.). Endothermic reactions absorb energy (e.g. melting of an ice cube).
C6H12O6. Name each element in this compound, and say how many atoms there are of each element.
6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen
A substance that is produced by a chemical reaction
What is a product?
A change that affects the nucleus of an atom.
What is a nuclear reaction?
Nuclear fission is the process by which the nuclei of smaller atoms combine to form a new, more massive nucleus.
What is false? Nuclear fusion is the process by which nuclei of smaller atoms join together, while nuclear fission is when the nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.
Why are the valence electrons of carbon important?
The valence electrons are the electrons in an atom that can form bonds.
How are monomers related to polymers?
Monomers are the small repeating units that make up polymers.
An organic compound that behaves like an acid.
What is an organic acid?
The process by which an unstable nucleus gives off nuclear radiation.
What is radioactive decay?
Breaking up a reactant into smaller pieces can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
What is true? Increasing surface area exposes more of the reactant and increases the rate of reaction.
Explain the difference between single and double bonds.
A bond between two atoms that is made up of only two electrons is a single bond (it is represented by a single line). A double bond is made up of two pairs of electrons, or four electrons in total (it is represented by a double line).
How is a nuclear reaction different from a chemical reaction?
A nuclear reaction results in a change in the nucleus of an atom, while a chemical reaction does not.
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
What is a hydrocarbon?
The process by which one large nucleus splits into two nuclei.
What is nuclear fission?
A nuclear reaction changes the number of electrons in the nucleus.
What is false? Nuclear reactions affect protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and not electrons which are not found in the nucleus.
Balance this chemical equation: N2 + H2 → NH3
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Why can the effects of radioactive decay on the body be useful and harmful?
Radioactive decay can damage human cells, which can increase the risk of cancer. It can also be used to kill cancer cells.
A large molecule composed of smaller repeating units.
What is a polymer?
The process by which small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
What is nuclear fusion?
An endothermic reaction releases energy.
What is false? Endothermic reactions absorbs energy while exothermic reactions release energy.
How does a balanced chemical equation represent the law of conservation of mass?
A balanced chemical equation shows that the reactants have the same numbers of each type of atom as the products. It shows that atoms are not created or destroyed.
One nucleus contains 31 protons and 40 neutrons. Another nucleus contains 31 protons and 41 neutrons. What can you conclude about the identity of these nuclei?
They are isotopes of the same element. *We know this because the number of protons is the same for each. Thus, it is the same element but the different number of neutrons make them isotopes of the same element.