Renaissance
Before the 12th and 13th century, most educational activity in Europe took place where?
Monasteries and Cathedral schools
What did the school of Bologna become in 1088?
A center for legal study
Why did the teachers bind together to form a guild?
To protect their own interests and authority
By unifying various schools and disciplines, the universities were able to offer a program called ____?
studium generale
What ushered in a flood of previously unknown books and ideas into Western Europe?
The cultural exchange brought about by the Crusades
What was one result of the medieval university system?
Scholasticism
In Paris, what three cathedral schools became especially famous during the early part of the medieval period?
Palatine, Notre-Dame, and Sainte-Genevieve
In what year were several branches of learning taught at one university?
1230
What two sections were the arts divided in?
Trivium and Quadrivium
Universities were able to maintain significant academic liveliness through _____?
continued introduction of new books
What three thinkers led Scholasticism?
St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Bonaventure, and English Franciscan Bl. John Duns Scotus
When was the Benedictine monastery of Salerno established?
794
Why did foreign students form nations?
For protection and housing
What does the Latin word lectio mean?
The act of reading
As works and ______, _______, and _______ were discovered they were adopted into university studies?
Mathematics, philosophy, and theology
Who founded the first two mendicant orders?
St. Francis of Assisi and St. Dominic
What teaching included rules for drawing up briefs and other legal documents?
Dictamen
Which school typified the structure of the northern European universities?
Paris
What is the method of teaching called hearing?
the teacher would read the text of a work on a topic along with his predecessors comments on the text before adding his own ideas.
What did legal studies at Bologna advance the understanding of?
canon law
In the 14th century, what three kingdoms would no longer be willing to submit to the Pope?
France, Germany, and England
Under who's influence did the monastery school add philosophical and Arabic works to the medical studies?
Constantino Africano
What did the rector do?
Led the nation and helped to administer the affairs of the university
How do students earn doctorate degrees?
Students not only heard books but also debated their professors and prepared formal responses to difficult questions posed by their professors
hubs(centers) of expert academic learning