Topic 6.1
A wave of muscle contractions that pushes food along the gut and mixes food with enzymes.
What is peristalsis?
Part of the blood involved in blood clotting
What are platelets?
Term which describes when the diaphragm & external intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm moves down, increasing thoracic volume. The ribcage expands and moves up. Pressure in the lungs is decreased, so air flows in.
What is inhalation?
The site of transmission of electrical nerve impulses from a presynaptic axon terminal to the postsynaptic dendrite.
What is a synapse?
Hormone which synchronizes circadian rhythms
What is melatonin?
A polymer in food which remains undigested and is passed through the digestive tract.
What is cellulose?
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the __________________________ (two words)
What is the pulmonary vein?
The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere.
What is ventilation?
_____________ are used in the body’s nervous system to send nerve signals to other body cells. They pass the nerve impulse from a neuron to another neuron, or to a muscle cell.
What are neurotransmitters?
People with Type ____ diabetes take insulin to control their blood glucose levels. People with Type _____ diabetes can be prescribed insulin, but they can also be treated with exercise, medication, and diet.
What are type I and type 2?
The pancreas secretes enzymes such as ______________________ (list 3)
Amylase, Lipase, Protease
Component of blood which consists mainly of water. It contains electrolytes and it is a yellowish liquid.
What is plasma?
Disease which involves the gradual damage of lung tissue, specifically the destruction of the alveoli
What is Emphysema?
Space between the axon terminal and the dendrite
What is the synaptic cleft?
Hormones responsible for regulating blood glucose levels (2 words)
What are insulin and glucagon?
This molecule is absorbed during digestion with the help of co-transporter proteins
What is glucose?
Blood vessel which transports high pressure blood quickly to tissues that require it
What are arteries?
What is epidemiology?
The process of neurotransmitter release, when vesicles containing neurotransmitters release them into the synaptic cleft
What is exocytosis?
ob/ob mice were obese because they had 2 recessive alleles and were not able to produce _____________
What is leptin?
Part of villi that absorb lipids from the intestine into the lymphatic system
In the heart, electrical signals (waves of excitation) are initiated by the ___________________, AKA the natural pacemaker
sinoatrial (SA) node
The place where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the ____________ and into the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
What are the alveoli?
A ____________________ occurs when a stimulus exceeds a certain threshold resulting in the movement of positively charged sodium ions across the cell membrane of a neuron so that the electrical charges inside and outside the membrane are temporarily reversed.
What is a nerve impulse?
In the absence of ____________ and the presence of maternal ___________ and ___________, female reproductive organs develop (3 words)
What are testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone?