Public Health Foundations
Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease. An example of a primary disease prevention strategy is:
immunizations-anything that works to prevent a problem before it occurs
In the 1850's, a researcher studied a cholera epidemic among people living in different sections of London. The researcher who used epidemiologic methods to study the epidemic and used rates as an epidemiologic tool was:
John Snow
Transmission of an infectious disease can be efficiently controlled by:
breaking only one link in the transmission chain
What term is identified as the tendency to view individuals of common cultural backgrounds similarly and according to a preconceived notion of how they behave?
cultural sterotyping
The trait that is most characteristic of a perpetrator of intimate partner violence is:
need for control
Name 3 modifiable risk factors.
Cigarette smoking
Diet
Exercise
A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year considers incidence rates to better understand the needs of the community. What is the most accurate explanation of incidence rates?
New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are included in incidence rates.
Occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community during a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or condition during that same period. In calculating this rate, the numerator is the number of new cases during the specific period of time and the denominator consists of only those who are at risk for developing the disease or condition during the specific period of time.
List 3 causes of primary vaccine failure.
Inefficient storage
IM injection given SQ
Light-sensitive vaccines exposed to light
A community health nurse is caring for a family that includes the husband, wife, children, and other blood relatives. This type of family is called a(n):
extended family
A family of 5 people presented to a hospital after the flooding of their urban home. These family members are classified as what type of disaster definition?
displaced persons
Name 3 upstream prevention strategies to prevent chronic disease in a population.
Nutrition education and weight loss education to prevent diabetes
Education on reduction of salt intake to prevent hypertension
Smoking prevention activities to deter smoking; reduce COPD and emphysema
What term refers to the likelihood that healthy people exposed to a specific factor will experience a specific health condition?
risk
List 6 vaccine preventable diseases
Typhoid
Rabies
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Influenza
COVID
Japanese encephalitis
HIB
Rotavirus
Pneumonia
Measles
Chickenpox
ShinglesMany religions have strict dietary practices. List two different religions and one dietary practice for each.
Hinduism-all meats prohibited
Islam-pork and intoxicating beverages are prohibited
Mormonism-alcohol, tobacco, caffeine are prohibited
Seventh day adventist-pork, certain seafood, and fermented beverages are prohibited
What occupational health nursing intervention is an appropriate tertiary level strategy?
negotiation of workplace accommodation for a worker with a disability
application of bandage daily to burned employee prior to work
What discovery by Edward Jenner resulted in one of the greatest medical advances of the 18th century?
The development of the smallpox vaccination that resulted in immunity after inoculation with the cowpox virus
Prevalence rate is described as?
the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given time relative to the population at the same point in time
number of existing cases in population at a specified point in time/population at same specified point in time x k
Investigating all contacts of a person infected with a sexually transmitted infection is an example of what type of prevention?
Secondary
What is the term used to describe a person's tendencies to view his or her own way of life as the most desirable, acceptable, or best and to act in a superior manner toward individuals from another culture?
ethnocentrism
What is true of adolescents who have been convicted and incarcerated in adult facilities rather than in a juvenile facility?
more likely to commit suicide
Name a microscopic approach to the community health problem of childhood obesity.
Microscopic approach to the conceptualization of the problem of childhood obesity focuses on the individual child. A macroscopic approach focuses on the societal factors that influence health status. Analyzing BMIs, advocating a change in school lunches, and exploring societal and cultural values related to activity are examples of a macroscopic approach to the community health problem of childhood obesity.
The nurse working in the community is aware that there are different models for studying the epidemiology of a health condition in a population. One model of investigation of the interrelationships and characteristics of disease is the epidemiological triangle. This model analyzes what three elements?
Agent, host, and environment
What are the two types of natural immunity and how are each acquired?
Natural-natural contact and infection with the antigen, acquiring measles
Passive-natural contact with antibody transplacentally, infant born with temporary antibodies to measles
What is the process used when conceptual differences, which impact the provision of health care, exist between the client and the nurse?
Cultural negotiation
In the CIRCLE Model of Spiritual Care, the L represents:
L-listening