Unit 1: The Global Tapestry from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty were established through this system, where they would take a civil service exam to determine if and where they were fit to work in the government.
What is meritocracy?
A person could present this document to a banking house along the silk road that stated they could redeem a certain amount of cash.
What is a bill of exchange?
These government officials in the Mughal empire would collect taxes, as well as manage other important aspects of the empire such as construction
What are zamindars?
European explorers brought this infamous disease with them to the New World, devastating native populations.
What is smallpox?
This group generally consisted of people from nobility or the middle class, such as economists or professors, that were strong advocates of governmental, economic, religious, and social reforms.
Who are philosophes?
Arabs often purchased these people as slaves. They are usually Turks from Central Asia. They were able to serve as soldiers and bureaucrats, and even managed to establish a government in Egypt.
Who are the Mamluks?
A period of peace within the Mongol empire that lasted between the 13th and 14th centuries.
What is the Pax Mongolica?
This practice was used by the Church to expose and punish nonbelievers and heretics of the Christian faith.
What is inquisition?
This person was the first monarch in Europe that sponsored exploration overseas, primarily to expand the territory and resource availability of Portugal.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
This branch of socialism believed that society could untimately be channeled in positive directions by creating ideal communities with optimal socialism policies.
Who are utopian socialists?
The Islamic institution that ruled over a large amount of South Asia (India) for over 300 years.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
Because of the fragrant nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom that these islands had, Malaysia and Indonesia gained this nickname.
What are the spice islands?
This was a common principle in the Middle Ages that stated the right to rule was determined by God. Those in nobility, such as James I, used this principle to gain power in their state.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
This practice involved people in debt singing a contract and working for those they owe in order to pay off what they owe. During this time, they would often lose most or all of their rights and not regain them until their debt was paid off.
What is indentured servitude?
This inventor is responsible for the innovation of interchangeable parts in firearms. With this system, if a particular part of the machine were to stop functioning, the part itself could be replaced for a lesser cost rather than replacing the entire unit.
Who is Eli Whitney?
People that surrendered to the Inca Empire would be required to serve mandatory public service under this system.
What is the mit'a system?
Zhu Yuanzhang led this group in overthrowing the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty in 1368.
What is the White Lotus Society?
This term refers to large multi-ethnic empires located in southwest, central, and south Asia that gained power and significance through the use of gunpowder and firearms in their conquest.
What are Gunpowder Empires?
This economic practice is the financial benefit of the mother country at the expense of another people's wellbeing. This practice was sustained on more government control of the economy and establishing colonies.
What is mercantilism?
This revolutionary is considered the father of modern capitalism. He was a proponent of free trade and a laissez-faire (leave-alone) market. He believed that if businesses and consumers were able to make the decisions best for them, the economy would ultimately benefit.
Who is Adam Smith?
What are two positive outcomes of a community practicing religion?
Religion can act as a unifying force for a community as well as being able to become a significant part of the communities culture. A unifying religion can be a strong centripetal force amongst communities, especially newly forming ones. For example, the Safavid empire was united under the common religion of Shi'a Islam. Religion is also important for how the culture of a community develops over time. The community's adherence to religion can be expressed in their art, architecture, and cultural practices. These cultural traits can diffuse to other regions where ideas and cultures can be exchanged.
If you were traveling a long distance (with valuable goods) on the Silk Road, list and describe two ways you can ensure your journey would be a success.
Two ways to ensure safe travel on the Silk Road are to travel in numbers and traveling along paths with settlements and places to gather resources. Traveling in packs with others increases protection against bandits and thieves, since it is more difficult for them to attack an entire caravan rather than a single individual. Group traveling also allows resources to be shared and ensures extra stock of supplies. Traveling along known paths ensures one can find public settlements for trade opportunities as well as rest stops such as caravanserias that allow resources to be replenished.
Describe the similarity between the 'Mandate of Heaven' and the 'Divine Right of Kings'
The Mandate of Heaven and the Divine Right of Kings were both principles that stated the right for one to rule was declared by God. With both systems, an individual could declare that they received a message from God stating that they were selected to rule their respective state. Both systems also were able to be exploited by individuals in nobility to gain power, while those in lower classes would be considered liars. This is because it was believed that God would not declare one worthy of rule if he placed them into a life of poverty. Meanwhile, statements from those in nobility would be considered true, and anyone who questioned the legitimacy would be declared heretics, especially in Europe, where Christianity was deeply embedded into society.
How do "Cash Crops" such as Sugarcane and Tobacco contribute to the "Trans Atlantic Slave Trade"?
Cash crops contributed to the slave trade due to their reliance on the practice of slavery and the high profits that could be yielded. Raw materials and resources, including crops, were primarily produced in the Americans (New World) and shipped to Europe. These would often be shipped in large quantities, and large amounts of crop production required workers. Slaves imported from African countries were ideal for large plantations due to their one-time purchase and the ability for the owner to keep them as property for as long as desired, rather than paying workers regularly.
How did the principles of John Locke influence the American Revolution?
The principles of John Locke encouraged the people of the American colonies to stand up to Great Britain for failing to protect their rights or represent them. John Locke believed that all people have the rights of life, liberty, and property, and that a government that fails to protect these rights should be replaced. The people of the colonies felt that their rights were not being prioritized by Britain, along with the lack of official representation in governments, disallowing discussions of taxes and trade from the colonial citizens. They believed that their cause was strong enough against Britain that they should begin to fight for their rights, a belief inspired by Locke. These principles would also influence other revolutions, such as the French Revolution.