Religion
What is polytheism?
The belief in many gods
What is surplus?
Having more of a product or item than is needed
What is a city-state?
This invention was used for trading goods along the rivers.
sailboat
Who was Hammurabi, and what is he best known for?
A king of Babylon - his code of laws
What is a ziggurat?
A large building that includes government offices and a temple
What is irrigation?
Using man-made systems, like canals, to water crops
What are the two primary ways city-states interacted with each other?
War and trade
This invention was used to make pottery and for transportation.
the wheel
What are the natural resources Mesopotamia traded?
wood/lumber, stone, metals
What were priests responsible for doing to keep the gods happy?
Make offerings to the gos
What were the impacts of deserts and mountains on the Mesopotamian civilization?
Protection from foreign invaders and isolation (difficult trade with outsiders)
What are two examples of record keeping?
writing and calendars
This invention allowed farmers to plow and plant their fields at the same time.
ox-driven seeder plow
What are the three civilizations Mesopotamia traded with?
Greece, Egypt, Pakistan
Why did Mesopotamians leave statues of themselves in the temples?
to pray on their behalf while they did other things
How did silt allow the Mesopotamian civilization to do so well?
Silt provided fertile farmland, and that allowed Mesopotamians to grow a surplus of food.
Cities are major centers a variety of things. When considering the traits of a civilization, what are cities' main function(s)?
centers for TRADE (business), political centers, and cultural centers
(must have trade to count)
This invention was a simple machine that used a lever and counter weight to move water from the river to irrigation canals.
the shaduf
The spread of ideas, customs, religion, government, technology and other traits from one group to another is called...
cultural diffusion
Organized religion and government are examples of which civilization trait?
Complex institutions
What are the two ways a surplus of food changed the way Mesopotamians lived?
1. variety of jobs
2. population growth
Describe how city-states developed. You must have all of the pieces for the points.
1. Villages united to build irrigation projects.
2. Irrigation led to a surplus of food.
3. Surplus of food led to variety of specialized jobs and increased population.
4. Increased population led to governments to manage the people.
5. Government and specialized jobs led to social classes.
Inventions, architecture, new tools, and new methods of doing things are part of which civilization trait?
improved technology
What was Hammurabi's Code of Law, and what major impact did it have on the Babylonian empire?
A set of laws written for all to see - it allowed people to know and obey the laws, and that allowed the Babylonian empire to prosper.