1607: Jamestown
A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage.
indentured servants
a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds
Cotton Gin
War which West and South wanted, but Northeast did not; between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France
War of 1812
The "Elastic Clause Case"
Said that the Constitution had been written in more general terms rather than specific, and therefore could be interpreted.
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
Admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in Washington D.C., and introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law. Widely opposed in both the North and South, it did little to settle the escalating dispute over slavery.
Compromise of 1850
The exchange between the new world and the old world consisting of the old world bringing wheat, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, sugar, rice, coffee, smallpox, malaria and yellow fever. while the new world sent gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and syphills
Colombian Exchange
Northerners who came to the south for economic reasons after the Civil War-they took advantage of citizens of the south
Carpetbaggers
Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
French and Indian War
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
15th amendment
1863. Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States.
Emancipation Proclamation
a land and labor distribution system that gave Spanish settlers land and the ability to force local Native Americans to work on this land.
Encomienda System
1. Strong banking system.
2. Set up a protective tariff to boost American industry.
3. Build a strong transportation network of roads and canals.
The American System
Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures. Though quickly put down, the insurrection inspired fears of "mob rule" among leading Revolutionaries.
Shay's Rebellion (1786)
established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Marbury vs Madison
welfare agency created by Congress on March 5, 1865 to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education to freed blacks and white refugees. It was headed by Oliver O. Howard.
Freedmen's Bureau
The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics
Act of Toleration
This act approved the building of a transcontinental railroad that would utterly transform the West by linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific
The Pacific Railway Act of 1862
It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River or the Rio Grande
Mexican American War
(1857) Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process. Invalidated the Missouri Compromise.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways.
Fugitive Slave Law (1850)
In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in America
House of Burgesses
A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers.
Homestead Act
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
Bleeding Kansas
The "Land Scam Contract Case"
The Supreme Court said a contract is a contract and the Constitution says it can't be broken by state laws.
Fletcher vs. Peck (1810)
It was a reconstruction plan that decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the union when 10 percent of voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation. The next step would be erection of a state gov. and then purified regime.
10 percent plan or Lincoln's 10% Plan