Social Tensions
What term matches the following description: to separate on a basis of race.
Segregation
Name one President from the Gilded Age (besides Benjamin Harrison)
Rutherford Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland
What material was the basis of the United States' currency during the Gilded Age? (The value of coin and paper money depended on this).
Gold reserves
The only US President who called Indiana his home state.
Benjamin Harrison
Define "Jim Crow laws."
Southern state laws that kept blacks and whites segregated
A "legal" method formerly used to keep African Americans from voting -- unfair assessments that were supposedly meant to gauge a voter's ability to read and write.
Literacy Tests
What is a tariff? (basic definition)
A tax on imported products, including some agricultural goods.
Who was the founder of the "Grange Movement?"
Oliver H. Kelley
A leader of African American communities against Jim Crow laws. Demanded an immediate end to Jim Crow and full equality for Black citizens. Was also the first African American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard.
W.E.B. DuBois
The expansion of farming alliances and organizations led to the formation of a new political party in the late 1800s. What was that party called?
The Populist party or the Peoples' Party
The name of the Supreme Court case that led to the "separate but equal" standard allowing for separate institutions and facilities on a basis of race.
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1882, the US government passed an act that banned immigrants from a certain country from entering the US. What was this act called?
The Chinese Exclusion Act
What was the "Grange Movement" and what was ONE of its goals?
A farmer's organization
Goals = provide education on new farming techniques and regulate railroad and grain elevator prices/rates
The only US President to be elected to two non-consecutive (not back-to-back terms) terms in office.
Stephen "Grover" Cleveland
Because no President of the Gilded Age was ever to hang on to the office of the Presidency for more than one term, collectively, the Presidents of this time are referred to as what?
The "forgotten" Presidents
A "legal" method of limiting African American voting rights --- These "laws" allowed individuals to vote if they could prove they had a relative who voted prior to the year 1866.
(If a person could provide this proof, they didn't have to jump through additional hoops to vote.)
Grandfather Clauses -- if you could prove you had a relative who voted prior to 1866, you didn't have to pay poll tax or pass a literacy test, you could continue voting.
Which political party (during the Gilded Age and still today) favors the use of tariffs and why do they favor them?
Republicans favored (and still do) higher tariffs during the Gilded Age and argued that this would help American industries grow while producing more manufacturing jobs within the US.
What was the purpose/function of the "spoils system" within the US government during the Gilded Age?
Politicians would often give government jobs to loyal party members/friends. Formal qualifications were not considered in hiring practices.
The Democratic candidate of the 1896 Presidential Election. Was supported by a great deal of Populists. Lost the election. Lost again in 1900.
William Jennings Bryan
The rights guaranteed by which Constitutional amendment were at stake in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
14th - Equal Protection Clause
Segregation that is customary within a society, but not enforced or required by law. It just happens over time as a result of peoples' attitudes and beliefs.
De facto segregation
Run by a so-called 'party boss,' these organizations would distribute food to and find jobs for immigrants and poor citizens in exchange for their votes in an election.
"political machines"
Struggling farmers of the Gilded Age era pointed to two specific sources/causes of their issues. Name ONE and explain why this was a cause of their struggles.
Railroads - argued that railroads had become monopolies that charged whatever price they wanted for transport costs (particularly for crops)
Banks - argued that banks charged too high of interest rates on farm loans
The Republican candidate (and winner) of the 1896 Presidential Election. Raised an unprecedented amount of money for his campaign. ($15 million)
William McKinley
DAILY DOUBLE
Fully explain the significance of the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Describe the events that took place to spark the case initially. Why was Homer Plessy such an important and unique component in this case? How did the case ruling impact American society?
Keep in mind for an essay question... see your answers on the Plessy v. Ferguson assignment