20/21/22

lets get it

100

Which type of lipase mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue

hormone sensitive lipase

200

Starting molecule of trialglycerol and phosphoglycerol biosynthesis

glycerol-3-phosphate (monoacylglycerol in intestinal epithelial cells)

300

During the fed state, glucose is used to generate ______ which is reduced to G3P.

BONUS: what intermediate in this is common to both triaylglycerols and phosphoglycerols

DHAP; phosphatidic acid is the common intermediate

400

What is the branching point for triaclglycerol and phosphoglycerol biosynthesis?

1,2-diacylglycerol to CDP-diacylglycerol

500

PAF is an example of this lipid

glycerol ether phospholipids

buckle up

100

Phosphatidic acid is an example of ...

Plasmologens and PAF are examples of ..

G3P; DHAP

200

DHAP is derived from

pyruvate

300

Difference between Phospholipases A2,C, and D

A2: pancreatic fluid and snake venoom

C: toxin secreted by bacteria

D: mammalian signal transduction

400

Sphingosine is made from this amino acid and fatty acid

BONUS: what is the backbone and base 

serine and palmitate

BONUS: sphingosine backbone, ceramide base

500

In MS, what is the affect on phospholipids, white matter, gray matter, and CSF composition

Loss of both phospholipids and sphingolipids from white matter. Lipid composition of white matter resembles gray matter. CSF has elevated phospholipid levels

LSD reminder

100

What are the 2 enzyme cofactors of apolipoproteins

C2 lipoprotein lipase, A1 for LCAT

200

Apo B100 and Apo E work for what receptor

LDL

300

Apo B 48 mediates what secretion

secretion of chylomicrons from GI to lymph nodes(delivered via thoracic duct to systemic circulation)

400

What enhances lipoprotein lipase activity

insulin

500

What method are chylomicron remnants taken up by the liver

receptor mediated endocytosis

Lipid

100

What binds a receptor and undergoes receptor mediated endocytosis- 

chylomicron, chylomicron remnant, LDL, VLDL, IDL

chylomicron remnant, LDL, IDL

200

What is an example of hyperlipidemia

diabetes, lifestyle, diet

300

Which type of primary hyperlipidemia- 

causes pancreatitis, buildup of chylomicrons + triglycerides+ VLDL

type 5

400

What is the difference between type 2A and B primary hyperlipidemias

2A; buildup LDL and cholesterol 

2B; buildup of LDL, cholesterol, VLDL

both cause achilles tendon, xanthoma, corneal arches

500

What is abetalipoproteinemia? What is deficiency?

BONUS 500: name 1 of the disorders

No VLDL, LDL, or chylomicrons; deficient of Apo B 48 and B100

acanthocytes present

BONUS: retinitis pigments and spinocerebellar degeneration

Do you hate yourself

100

What is cholesterol synthesized from

acetyl coa

200

What enzyme catalyzes the committed rate and rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

HMG coA reductase 

300

Name the 5 steps of cholesterol synthesis

1. synthesis of mevalonate from acetyl coa

2. form isoprene's units from mevalonate

3. condense 6 isopreni units to form squalene

4. cyclicization of squalene -> lanosterol

5. formation of cholesterol from lanosterol

400

How does insulin activate cholesterol synthesis? What about the affect of glucagon and intracellular sterols?

insulin activates by activating phosphatase

glucagon and sterols activate Amp activated protein kinase

500

Explain enterohepatic circulation  <3 sorry I asked if you hated yourself <3

• Bile salts are synthesized and conjugated in the liver, secreted into bile, stored temporarily in the gallbladder, passed from the gallbladder into the duodenum, absorbed throughout the small intestine and returned to the liver via the portal vein. This cycling of bile acids between the liver and the intestine is referred to as the enterohepatic circulation.