Cell communication
The 3 types of cell communication
cell-to-cell contact, short distance, long distance
Role of signal transduction pathways
initiate cellular response from a chemical message
Another name for feedback loops
Homeostatic loops
What did the cell say to its sister cell when she stepped on its toe?
Mitosis
What happens at the G2 checkpoint?
It's checked that the DNA replicated without damages
what is a hormone
a chemical that spreads throughout the entire body when released from the brain
the first step in the signal transduction pathway
the ligand attached to the receptor
Feedback where the disruption id counteracted by the organism to return to homeostasis
Negative feedback
The name of each side of a connected duplicated chromosome
Chromatid
activator of CDKs in cell cycle regulation
cyclins
What type of cell communication are neurotransmitters present in
short distance communication
the name of the enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP in the signal transduction pathway when activated by alpha subunit
Adenylyl cyclase
Describe positive feedback
when disruption is amplifies to create further disruption
What happens in Metaphase
chromosomes align at the equator
What does CDK stand for?
Cyclin-dependent Kinase
chemicals that carry signals across a small space between cells
Definition of neurotransmitters
Why do signal transduction pathways have so many steps?
multiple steps provide multiple ways to regulate and stop the process
Feedback loops have both __ and __
effectors, receptors
The three stages of interphase
G1, S, G2
definition of cell cycle regulators
proteins controlling a cell's progression through the cell cycle
How do unicellular organisms communicate?
By living in colonies and sending chemical signals to surrounding cells
What receives and identifies the chemical messenger?
Receptor protein
Name 4 homeostatic mechanisms
Body temperature, blood glucose levels, blood calcium level, osmolarity/blood concentration
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Role of Pronto-oncogenes
to stimulate cell cycle progression