Memory
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
What is memory?
Organizing information into meaningful units, such as letters, words, and phrases, helps us to recall it more easily
What is chunking?
A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
What is the hippocampus?
occurs when misleading information is incorporated into one's memory after an event
What is the misinformation effect?
a mental image or best example of a category.
What is a prototype?
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
What is relearning?
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
What are mnemonics?
The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as
What is long-term potentiation?
occurs when misleading information is incorporated into one's memory after an event
What is reconsolidation?
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently;
What is a heuristic?
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory?
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
What is the spacing effect?
the neural storage of a long-term memory
What is priming?
the forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference?
in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.
What is parallel processing?
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
What is testing effect?
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood-congruent memory?
the backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference?
estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
What is representativeness heuristic?
retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
What is implicit memory?
explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems
What is semantic memory?
part of the brain network dedicated to implicit memory formation
What is the cerebellum (and basal ganglia)?
an inability to retrieve information from one's past
What is retrograde amnesia?
the weaker form of "linguistic relativity"-the idea that language affects thought (thus our thinking and world view is "relative to" our cultural language)
What is linguistic influence?