Give me the Basics
T/F: Communication problems have always been considered a core feature of autism.
True
The DSM-5 outlines the diagnostic criteria for autism, but what is the first criteria we must see?
We must see persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
What is Pragmatics?
Pragmatics is the appropriate use of language in social situations.
In the US, the average age of diagnosis of ASD is...?
Approximately 4.5 years old.
The word “autism” has its origin in the Greek word “autos,” which means...
"Self"
Which Psychiatrist in 1943 mentioned in his paper that descriptions of the children he had observed included many problems with social communication?
A. Leo Kanner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. B.F. Skinner
D. Lev Vygotsky
A. Leo Kanner
Social deficits associated with ASD are present at birth? T/F
False- They're not necessarily present at six months of age. But they begin to emerge more clearly over the developmental period following that.
What is Prosody?
Prosody is the rhythm of speech and encompasses aspects of both verbal and nonverbal communication.
Theory of Mind typically develops at around what are?
Approximately 4 years of age
ASD is about 4 times more like in ....
a. boys than girls
b. girls than boys
c. cats than dogs
a. boys than girls
What is (1) deficit in social communication and social interaction might we see across multiple contexts?
a. excessive use of TikTok
b. developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
c. ability to use appropriate eye-contact
b. developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Ozonoff et al., 2010 suggest that at ____ months, groups look very similar.
a. 3 months
b. 4 months
c. 5 months
d. 6 months
d. 6 months
Suggests that social symptoms of ASD are not present at birth, but emerge over time.
What is Theory of Mind?
The ability to understand, to know, to consider that other people's minds, their beliefs, their desires, their intentions is different than your own.
Explain aspects of executive functioning.
- planning behavior
- inhibition
- organizing your behavior
very important for social interaction
What is gaze avoidance?
Rather than directing gaze towards the communicative partner the child is shifting their gaze away.
Name a "red flag" or "sign and symptom" of early social development.
- diminished response to name
- lack of eye contact
- gaze aversion
-lack of reciprocal smiling
What is meant by regression in terms of early diagnosis?
the child started out with a relatively high number of social communication behaviors and they regressed.
They lost skills. They lost engagement. They lost a behavioral repertoire between six and 24 months of age.
What is joint attention?
joint attention is coordinated attention between an individual and his or her social partner.
-the key component about joint attention is that it's not just that two people are gazing at the same thing at the same time, but there is mutual awareness.
-There's a joint engagement as part of that shared attention.
In 2013, this diagnostic tool added a new diagnosis called, Social Communication Disorder (SCD).
“Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-5)
The Autism Navigator (ASD Video Glossary) was developed by which university?
Florida State University Autism Institute
What is meant by "hidden curriculum"?
The idea that you're suppose to do things a certain way, these rules are not explicitly taught.
example: library, restaurant, how you order coffee
What sorts of problems with social communication are most common in people with autism?
Verbal, non-verbal skills, grammar, correct use of pronouns, difficulties responding when spoken to.
One of the most frequent reported aspects of developmental disruption of social function at around 9-12 months of age is ________?
Diminished response to name.
Why is Theory of Mind so important?
*Answer will vary*
Theory of mind is important because if we think about our own social interactions as adults, of course theory of mind is a competency that comes into play all the time. Remember, theory of mind is the ability to understand, to know,to consider that other people's minds, their beliefs, their desires, their intentions is different than your own.
The traditional way to evaluate Theory of Mind is through a formal task called...
Sally-Anne task