Variable Names
The variable that the researcher measures to see if there is an effect.
What is the dependent variable?
Changing the order of conditions for different participants.
What is counterbalancing?
Measure one group after some kind of event or intervention.
What is one-group post-test only?
The way you should put people in conditions in a between-subjects experiment.
What is random assignment?
A quasi-experimental design in which one group is measured on a pre-test and on a post-test.
What is One Group Pretest-Posttest?
The variable the researcher manipulates.
What is the independent variable?
Every condition occurs in every position equally often.
What is a Latin Square?
Compare groups that differ on a pre-existing individual difference, like gender.
What is ex post facto?
A threat to internal validity that occurs when individuals differ from each other.
What are individual differences?
A threat to internal validity that happens when the instrumentation changes.
What is instrumentation?
A variable that the researcher isn't interested in, but it could affect the results.
What is an extraneous variable?
When there are multiple trials for each condition, putting all of the trials in a random order.
What is randomized counterbalancing?
Compare different age groups at one point in time.
What is cross-sectional?
The ability to generalize the results of a study to different people, situations, and settings.
What is external validity?
An effect of going through the conditions in a particular order.
What is an order effect?
A variable that could have ruined the experiment, except that the researcher made sure it was the same in different conditions.
What is a control variable?
With conditions A and B, half of the participants do condition A first and half do condition B first.
What is complete counterbalancing?
Compare different age groups at different points in time.
What is a cohort design?
An experimental design in which participants with similar scores on a control variable are randomly assigned to conditions.
What is matched groups?
A threat to external validity in which the sample is unrepresentative of the population.
What is unrepresentative sample?
A variable that varies between the conditions and ruins the experiment.
What is a confounding variable?
Every condition occurs in every position AND precedes and follows every other condition equally often.
What is a balanced Latin Square?
Measure a dependent variable several times before and after an event, and also measure another group that didn't experience the event.
What is Multiple Group Time Series?
A threat to internal validity in which the measure of the dependent variable is too easy and everyone scores at the maximum.
What is a ceiling effect?
A threat to external validity meaning that the data are collected in a setting that seems artificial.
What is artificiality?