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even brief samples of speech varieties associated with low-prestige groups can cue negative attributions regarding individual speakers
Stereotype
A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group
Dialect
The total stock of words in a language
Lexis
a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features.
isogloss
a group of people sharing a common language or dialect.
speech community
comprises feelings of anxiety, self-consciousness, or lack of confidence in the mind of a speaker surrounding their use of language.
Linguistic insecurity
suggests that one's language determines the ways one's mind constructs categories.
Linguistic determinism
a type of speech in which ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words
Phatic communion
the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the features and the use of a language over time
Language change
evaluative reactions to different language varieties
Language attitudes
a process in which the level of a speech community's linguistic competence in their language variety decreases, eventually resulting in no native or fluent speakers of the variety
Language death
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different
Lingua franca
a linguistic feature peculiar to a particular region and not part of the standard language of a country.
Regionalism
the sequence of speech acts that make up the event
Act Sequence
an example of conversational turn-taking. An adjacency pair is composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other.
Adjacency Pairs
a way of someone delivers ideas in communication to make listeners understand the ideas well
Speech function
the erroneous use of a word form or pronunciation based on a false analogy with a correct or prestigious form
Hypercorrection
a general theoretical framework of both interpersonal and intergroup communication
accomodation (Speech Accommodation Theory)
refers to the need to feel accepted and liked by others while the other describes the will to do what one wants to do with freedom and independence
Negative/positive face needs
-scenario in which nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded to be of high linguistic prestige by members of a speech community
Overt Prestige
consists of a response to the first part that is generally to be avoided, and is likely to be marked by such features as delays, prefaces, and accounts.
Dispreferred second pair part
known as agreement bias, when respondents have a tendency to select a positive response option or indicate a positive connotation disproportionately more frequently
Acquiescence Bias
type of scenario in which nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded to be of high linguistic prestige by members of a speech community
Covert Prestige
In linguistics, a conservative form, variety, or modality is one that has changed relatively little over its history, or which is relatively resistant to change.
Linguistic conservatism/innovation
the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan.
Codification