Psychodynamic
Neukrug mentiones common elements that all psychodynamic approaches have.
Name at least 2.
unconscious
conscious
Access their feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
Experience the now. Understand impasses.
Work on unfinished business.
What is the theory? Major theorist?
Gestalt Therapy- Fritz Pearls
Which theory is associated with William Glasser?
Reality Therapy and Choice Theory
What are two post-modern approaches discussed in the book?
Narrative Therapy & Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
What does it mean to be an eclectic therapist?
integrating elements from different theories into their approach
Tell us about Jung’s idea of Psychological Type and Mental Functions. Identify each aspect.
*8 Psychological Types—include combinations of:
*Extraversion and Introversion (E or I) with
*Mental Functions: Thinking and Feeling (T or F); Sensing and Intuiting (S or N)
Information that matches psychological type goes into consciousness; information that doesn’t match goes into personal unconscious.
Rogers believed there were 3 core attributes that were essential for change.
What are they?
congruency/ genuineness empathy, unconditional positive regard
According to REBT, what are the ABC’s of feeling and behaving?
A is the activating event
B is the person’s belief about A, largely creates C, the emotional reaction.
C is the emotional and behavioral consequence or reaction of the individual.
What are the 4 main phases of the therapy developed by Michael White and David Epston?
Phase 1: the joining
Phase 2: examining patterns
Phase 3: reauthoring
Phase 4: moving on
With which theory are these terms associated:
Defusion, acceptance, contact
with the present moment, self as context, values, and committed action?
acceptance and commitment therapy
What are the critical goals in Analytical Psychology (Jung)?
What are some techniques used to accomplish these goals?
*Jung believed we can make almost anything conscious
*If we understand our personal and collective unconscious, we are “whole”
Techniques:
Goal of techniques—to make unconscious conscious
Some techniques include: examining our dreams, meaning of symbols, creative techniques (e.g., working with clay), and active imagination
Discuss 3 Gestalt techniques mentioned in the text?
Awareness exercises
Use of I statements
Empty-chair technique
8 Modern day Behaviorism techniques were listed and defined in the text… What are 3 common behavior techniques used today? Talk briefly about each one!
reinforcement: positive & negative reinforcement
relaxation/systematic desensitization: relaxation techniques applied to situations
token economies: tokens are given for the client who exhibit behaviors as a reward
Which approach assumes that motivation is the key to change, is multidimensional, is dynamic and fluctuating, can be modified, and is influenced by the clinician's style?
motivational interviewing
What is the Tarasoff Case?
*Tarasoff Case and Foreseeable Harm. “Duty to warn”
Who coined the term “defense mechanism”?
What is a defense mechanism?
Give us 3 examples of defense mechanisms (defining each).
Freud
Defense mechanism: defense mechanisms are created to help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed
repression:pushing out awareness of threatening or painful memories
denial: distortion of reality
rationalization: explaining away of a bruised memory
What are 4 of the 8 Major Points of Existential Therapy?
*Born into a world with no inherent meaning
*We make our meaning
*Struggle throughout life to be “human”
*Most people live a life of limited self-reflection
What are the 5 genetically based needs outlined by Reality Therapy?
Five genetically based needs: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun
Describe post-modern and social constructionist views mention in the book
Post-modernists: Questions modernism and many assumptions and beliefs we take for granted. There is no one way of understanding the world and no one approach to communication in understanding a person.
Social Constructionism: Values are transmitted through language via social milieu (family, culture, society). The person is always changing.
Describe two of the necessary conditions Carl Rogers mentioned in the book
therapist provides unconditional positive regard for the client
the client is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious
Subjective final goal, compensation, feelings of inferiority, style of life… what theory & theorist comes to mind?
Tell us how these concepts are all connected, and how someone might adopt a maladaptive style of life.
Adler: Individual Psychology
*We move to fulfill one drive—striving for perfection.
*All other drives subsumed by this one
*Part of being human: having feelings of inferiority
*Feelings of inferiority lead us to our subjective final goal
*Our private logic leads us toward our final goal
*Drive toward our subjective goal results in development of behaviors that compensate for feelings of inferiority
Complete this statement:
“ To me, nothing exists except the _____.
_____=______ = ______ =______. The past is no more and the future not yet. Only the exists.”
•Who said this?
"To me, nothing exists except the now.
Now = experience = awareness = reality The past is no more and the future not yet. Only the exists.”
Fritz Pearls
Describe 4 cognitive distortions by Aaron Beck/Cognitive Therapy.
all or nothing thinking
catastrophisizing
overgeneralization
should and must statements
What is Feminist Therapy?
considering the social, cultural, and political context that contributes to a person’s problems in order to understand that person.
What are the 6 main stages of Solution Focused Therapy?
*Six Stages of SFBT
*Stage 0: Pre-Session Change
*Stage 1: Forming a Collaborative Relationship
*Stage 2: Describing the Problem
*Stage 3: Establishing Preferred Goals
*Stage 4: Problem-to-Solution Focus
*Stage 5: Reaching Preferred Goals
*Stage 6: Ending Therapy