Inability to Open or Close the Mouth
What is the muscle responsible for opening the mouth?
What are the muscles responsible for closing the mouth?
Digastricus
Temporalis, ptyergoid, masseter
Explain the difference between plaque and calculus.
Plaque: soft enough to be removed
Calculus: the harder form of plaque that resists being removed with tooth brushing and mastication.
What is active vs passive force?
Active: dentist decides how much force to apply by elastic or wire
Passive: patient decides how much force to apply by occlusal pressure
What is the term for dental extractions?
Exodontics
In what position do we clean patients teeth?
Lateral recumbency
Which way is the jaw displaced in OMJO vs TMJ luxation?
OMJO: jaw shifted to the same side
TMJ luxation: jaw shifted to the opposite side
List 4 objects that cause oral damage to pets teeth.
Real (meat) bones
Cow hooves
Antlers
Hard nylon
Ice cubes
Rocks
Wooden sticks
Tennis balls
What are the 4 treatments for malocclusion?
Extraction, crown reduction, gingivectomy/gingivoplasty, orthodontic tooth movement (passive vs active)
What is the difference between a hand scaler and a hand curette?
Scaler: removes supra-gingival plaque and calculus
Curette: removes sub-gingival plaque and calculus
Which breeds are predisposed to open mouth jaw locking? (5 breeds)
Bassets, dachshunds, Irish Setters, boxers, Persians
What is the minimum brushing frequency in dogs to maintain oral health?
Every other day.
Regarding orthodontic movement, where is bone resorbed and where is new bone laid down?
Bone is resorbed at the compression site and laid down at the tension site.
Name 3 indications and 3 contraindications for dental extractions.
Indications: periodontal disease, tooth resorption, stomatitis, fractured teeth with pulp exposure, caries, persistent deciduous teeth. malocclusion, supernumerary teeth, unerupted teeth, teeth involved in neoplasia, traumatically displaced teeth, anesthetic concerns, client preferences
Contraindications: poor anesthetic candidates, radiation/chemotherapy, bleeding disorders, medication causing prolonged bleeding times
Name the 4 instruments that could be on a dental unit.
3-way air-water syringe, high-speed hand piece, low-speed hand piece, and a power scaler (sonic)
What are three ways to treat TMJ luxation?
1. Place fulcrum in caudal recess of oral cavity, then gently force mouth closed
2. Muzzling for several weeks
3. Condylectomy
What is the benefit of specially engineered dry kibble?
Provides mechanical action, kibble breaks only when tooth fully penetrates.
What does the AVMA code of conduct deem ethical and unethical in regards to orthodontics?
Correction of a conformational defect in a dog or cat is unethical with the exception when the abnormality effects the health or welfare of the animal.
What are the complications of crown removal with retention of resorbing root tissue?
Peridontitis, mobile teeth or roots/root remnants, endodontic disease (pulp necrosis, pulpits), periapical disease
What are 5 practices for basic maintenance of instruments?
1. Inspect before and after usage
2. Immediately rinse them after usage
3. Remove debris from latches inside the handles
4. Ultrasonic cleansing
5. Autoclave
In masticatory muscle myositis what fibers are immune complexes attached to? Which masticatory muscle does not have these fibers?
2M fibers
Digastricus
What is recommend in cats that object to the taste of chlorhexidine?
Zinc ascorbate
What are the 5 steps to making a direct incline plane?
1. Clean teeth with power and hand instruments
2. Polish teeth with pumice
3. Acid etch the anchor teeth
4. Apply acrylic or composite to these teeth
5. Trim, shape, and polish the incline plane
Which teeth require tooth sectioning? What is the
Maxillary P4 in cats and dogs: separate the mesiobuccal root from the distal root, and separate the mesiobuccal root from the mesiopalatal root
Maxillary M1 & M2 in dogs: separate the palatal root from the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots, then separate the mesiobuccal root from the distobuccal root
All two-rooted teeth: separate the mesial root from the distal root
What are the 3 power scalers and which direction does each move in?
Sonic scaler - orbital or circular motion
Magnetostrictive - elliptical motion
Piezoelectric - linear motion