Learning I
The term from operant conditioning that describes why someone keeps taking Advil to deal with headaches.
What is negative reinforcement?
This term refers to the first stages of learning when a response is established.
What is acquisition?
The Magic Number 7, plus or minus 2.
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
A test of empathy will have a high degree of this if the test does in fact measure empathy (and not kindness or generosity).
What is validity?
John trained his dog to bark at the postal carrier, but now John's dog barks at everyone who comes to the door. The term from classical conditioning that describes the dog's behavior.
What is generalization?
A stimulus or circumstance, such as food or water, that is inherently desirable and does not depend on learning.
What is a primary reinforcer?
The reason why, after asking you to remember a list of word pairs in class, I asked you to count backwards from 20 before recalling them.
To prevent you from rehearsing the words pairs and keeping them in short-term memory.
This type of problem solving allows to make a quick "rule of thumb" judgement, even though it doesn't guarantee the correct solution.
What is a heuristic?
The tendency of learned, reinforced behavior to gradually return to a more innate behavior. For example, raccoons trained to drop coins into a container will eventually begin to dip the coins into the container, pull them back out, rub them together, and dip them in again. The learned behavior of dropping coins becomes more representative of the innate behavior of food washing.
What is instinctual drift?
Something that elicits an reflexive response, as in withdrawal from a hot radiator, contraction of the pupil on exposure to light, or salivation when food is in the mouth.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A type of implicit memory, used when you tie your shoe.
What is procedural memory?
The tendency to perceive an object only in terms of its most common use. For example, people generally perceive cardboard boxes as containers, thus hindering them from potentially flipping the boxes over for use as platforms upon which to place objects (e.g., books).
What is functional fixedness?
If a child's tantrum results in a subtraction of money from an accumulating account, and the tantrum becomes less likely as a result of this experience, then _____________ has occurred.
What is negative punishment?
In classical conditioning, the learned or acquired reaction to a conditioned stimulus, such as salivating to the sound of a bell.
What is the conditioned response?
Matt remembers his mom telling him the difference between "un" and "une" in French. His memory of that event is a/an _________ memory.
What is an episodic memory?
In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the type of intelligence that is illustrated with finding multiple uses for a paper clip.
What is Creative Intelligence?
An increase in the probability of occurrence of some activity because that activity results in the presentation of a stimulus or of some circumstance. For example, Jane always gets compliments on her baking when she bakes chocolate chip cookies, so she bakes them regularly for her family.
What is positive reinforcement?
In OC, when reinforcement is provided after a variable amount of time passes. For example, when you call an Uber after work, sometimes in comes after 10 minutes, sometimes it takes up to 15 minutes, but on average to arrives after around 12 minutes.
What is a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
A memory phenomenon in which the most recently presented facts, impressions, or items in a list are learned or remembered better than material presented from the middle of the list.
What is the recency effect?
According to Gardner, Oprah Winfrey would score high on this intelligence as she is empathetic and interacts easily with other people.
What is interpersonal intelligence?