Shoulder
Middle deltoid
O: acromion process
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: shoulder abduction
Brachialis
O: anterior surface of distal humeral diaphysis
I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
A: elbow flexion
Adductor magnus
A: hip adduction
Semimembranosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: posterior of medial tibial condyle
A: hip extension, knee flexion
O: linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle
A: initiates abduction
Biceps brachii
O: long head=supraglenoid tubercle, short head=coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity
A: elbow flexion, forearm supination, assists in shoulder flexion
Gluteus minimus
O: inferior aspect of lateral ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)
I: greater trochanter
A: hip abduction, medial rotation
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial side of proximal tibial diaphysis (pes anserinus)
A: hip extension, knee flexion
Vastus medialis
O: linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
Latissimus dorsi
O: iliac crest, ribs 10-12, T7-S5 spinous processes
I: medial lip of bicipital groove/sulcus
A: extension/hyperextension, adduction, medial rotation
Triceps brachii
O: long head=infraglenoid tubercle, medial head=posterior surface of humeral diaphysis, lateral head=inferior to greater tubercle on humeral diaphysis
I: olecranon process
A: all=elbow extension, long head=assists shoulder extension and adduction
Gluteus medius
O: superior aspect of lateral ilium (between posterior and anterior gluteal lines)
I: greater trochanter
A: hip abduction
Biceps femoris
O: long head=ischial tuberosity, short head=distal half of the lateral linea aspera
I: fibular head
A: knee flexion, hip extension (long head)
Vastus intermedius
O: anterior femoral diaphysis
I: tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
Pectoralis major
O: medial third of clavicle, sternum
I: lateral lip of bicipital groove/sulcus
A: adduction/medial rotation/horizontal adduction (clavicular portion--flexion; sternal portion--extension)
Pronator teres
O: humeral medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) and coronoid process
I: lateral surface of radial midshaft
A: forearm pronation, assists elbow flexion
Gluteus maximus
O: posterior aspect of later ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal line), sacrum and coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension/hyperextension, lateral rotation
Rectus femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension, hip flexion
Gastrocnemius
O: medial head=femoral medial condyle, lateral head=femoral lateral condyle
I: calcaneal tuber via Achilles tendon
A: plantarflexion, knee flexion
Upper trapezius
O: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament on C1-6
I: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process
A: Scapular elevation and upward rotation
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: humeral medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon), coronoid process, radial midshaft
I: middle phalanges of rays 2-5
A: finger flexion at MCP and PIP joints, assists with wrist flexion
Iliopsoas
O: iliac fossa (iliacus), anterior and lateral surfaces of T12-L5 (psoas major)
I: lesser trochanter
A: hip flexion
BONUS: approximately what percentage of the human population lacks the palmaris longus muscle?
most commonly cited estimate is ~14% (maybe closer to 15-20%)
Soleus
O: posterior tibial diaphysis below soleal line, adjacent surfaces of posterior fibula
I: calcaneal tuber via Achilles tendon
A: plantarflexion