Terms
The authority of a court to hear and decide a case
Jurisdiction
When all justices vote the same way
Unanimous opinion
Type of court that federal trials and lawsuits usually begin
Federal District Courts
Established a national Supreme Court
Article III of the Constitution
Abortion, Right to Privacy
Roe v. Wade
Only federal courts may hear and decide a case
Exclusive Jurisdiction
The power to review any federal, state, or local law or action to see if it is allowed by the Constitution
Judicial Review
The job of an appeals court
Review decisions made in lower courts
The number of justices in the US Supreme Court
Nine
School segregation, equal protection
Brown v. Board of Education
Both federal and state courts have jurisdiction
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Laws or actions allowed by the Constitution
Constitutional
Particular geographic area that is covered by a court of appeals
Circuit
The term limit of a Supreme Court justice
Lifetime appointment
Self-incrimination, due process
Miranda v. Arizona
Authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court
Appellate Jurisdiction
Document that presents the views of the majority of the justices on a case
Majority Opnion
Set by a judge's opinion for all courts and agencies in the district by providing a model upon which to base their decisions in similar cases
Precedent
How a case comes before the Supreme Court
Justices choose the cases they will hear
Student search and seizure
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Authority to hear cases for the first time
Original Jurisdiction
Document that disagrees with the majority's opinion
Dissenting Opinion
When appeals courts reverse the original ruling and send the case back to the lower court to be retried
Remand
Written by lawyers on each side of a case and describes to court justices each position
Brief
Censorship, student speech
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier