Summary & Outline
How long is a summary?
- 1/3 of original text
Which style of writing/ language should be used in the analysis? Name three aspects.
- present tense as main tense
- formal language (participle clauses, passive voice constructions, long forms, etc.)
- vary sentences in terms of length and structure
- use connectives (for example,.../ such as.../ therefore,.../Thus,...)
Name the elements of an email head.
- to
- from
- subject
Name the structure of a blog entry.
- heading
- introduction
- main part
- conclusion
Name the structure of a comment.
- introduction
- main body paragraphs (inlcuding arguments)
- conclusionWhich tense should be used in an outline/summary?
- present tense as main tense
Explain the P-E-E method.
Point (name the device) - Evidence (a good example + lines + explanation if needed) - Effect (effect on reader)
1. identify the device
2. exemplify the device by giving quotes
3. describe its effect on reader/listener
Find example for a salutation and complimentary close for each example:
- friend
- co-worker (not on friendly terms)
- unknown stranger
- Dear, Hello, etc. / Love, See you soon, etc.
- Dear / Kind regards, best regards, etc.
- Dear Mr/Ms, Dear Sir and Madame / Yours sincerely
Which information can/ must be part of an introduction when writing an article?
can: tell a personal story, an anecdote, use a quote, etc
must: grab the readers attention somehow, state the topic as well as your opinion
How could you give evidence to explain or illustrate your arguments?
- numbers, statistics, events, other texts, own experience, insights gained in class
Name the elements of an umbrella/ introductory sentence.
- type of text, title, author, year of publication, topic of text
Explain the effect of 'reference/allusion'.
- engages the reader, encourages to think more deeply or make connections
- emphasises an aspect
- supports arguments
- attempt to win over the reader
Which formal aspects do you need to consider when writing a letter to the editor?
- simple present as main tense
- neutral to formal style, factual style, topic-specific vocabulary
- connectives to link ideas and introduction
What is the main difference between article and blog entry?
- style/ language
Which part of a comment do the following examples belong to?
- The problem of...has met with a lot of attention lately.
- Some experts state tha...
- The author raises the question of ...
- introduction
Name typical features of an outline/summary.
- stay neutral and refer to author and readership
- don't use direct speech, don't quote or refernce lines
- use a variety of sentence connectives (Therefore, .../ Thus.../ In addition...)
- vary your sentences in terms of length and structure
Explain the effect of 'positively/negatively connoted words'.
- appeals to the reader's emotions
-creates a particular atmosphere
How can you criticise the author?
How can you include new points?
e.g. -> individual answers
- I was hoping for a less one-sided treatment of...
- Instead of simplyfying/..., the author should ...
- Evidently..., Clearly..., Regarding ..., For this reason ...
Name the structure of a speech.
- introduction
- statement of the case
- line of argumentation
- conclusion
Which part of a comment do the following examples belong to?
- As a final point it seems to me that ...
- I agree to a certain extent that ..., but...
- Finally, I would like to point out...
- main body paragraph 3 -> last argument
Which information must/mustn't be given in the main part of an outline/ a summary?
- focus on all the essential information relevant to the task
- leave out examples, opinio, interpretation
- organise aspects in a logical NOT a chronological order
Explain the effect of 'anaphora'.
- focuses attention on a particular idea
- lines are connected
- drums an idea into the reader's memory
Name the structure of a letler to the editor.
- receiver's address
- date
- reference line
- salutation
- introduction
- main body
- concluding sentence
- complementary close
Which stylistic devices are most helpful in a speech?
- personal pronouns, repetition, alliteration, comparatives/superlatives, positively and negatively connoted words,...
How can you start a conclusion?
e.g.
- All in all ...
- After weighing up the arguments carefully,...
- I firmly believe that...
- Taking into consideration what has been said so far, ...