1.1 Introduction to cells
Larger organisms are what type of cellular?
Multicellular
Which structure is not a component of all cells?
a.cell wall b.cell membrane c.genetic material d.ribosomes
a. cell wall
What is the name for a molecule that has a polar head region and a hydrophobic tail region?
a. Bihydrophicity b. Amphipathic c. Hydrophilic d. Dipolarity
b. Amphiphatic
True or False: The two types of transport across a membrane are active and passive transports.
True
Which scientist disproved the idea of spontaneous generation once and for all by using a specifically designed swan-necked flask to heat broth?
a.Spallanzani b.Pasteur c. Redi d.Needham
b.Pasteur
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is the zygote and the cells of the early embryo that all the tissues of the adult stem come from. It is undifferentiated.
Which of the following is NOT part of the cell membrane?
a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids
D. Nucleic acids
What are the two types of proteins found in phospholipid bilayers?
Integral and Peripheral proteins
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts like bacteria cells?
a. They divide by meiosis b. They can make their own food
c. They have the same membrane-bound organelles d. They contain their own DNA
d. They contain their own DNA
What is the rate at which materials are used or produced dependent on?
The volume. A cell that becomes too large may not be able to take in essential materials or excrete waste substances quickly enough. Large organisms therefore must be multicellular.
The major locomotor structures in bacteria are
a. flagella b. pili c. fimbriae d.cilia
a.flagella
What is the hydrophobic part of a phospholipid?
The hydrophobic part consists of two hydrocarbon chains. These are also known as hydrocarbon tails.
In simple diffusion, what 3 things influence the rate of diffusion?
temperature, molecular size, steepness of gradient
Which of the following is the natural law that states that living organisms come only from other living organisms and are not created from nonliving materials?
a.evolution b.oxidation c.biogenesis d.abiogenesis
c.biogenesis
Main components of cell theory
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms
What is binary fission?
Binary fission is cell division and is used for asexual reproduction in prokaryotes. This is necessary as all organisms need to produce new cells and must do so by division of pre-existing cells.
Where is cholesterol found and its functions in animal cells?
Found between phospholipids in animal cells to reduce fluidity and maintain the structure of the membrane; plant cells use cellulose
What are the 3 major components involved in vesicular transport?
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, how did cells acquire mitochondria?
a.A eukaryotic cell engulfed a virus b.A large aerobic cell engulfed a chloroplast
c.A large anaerobic cell engulfed a small aerobic bacterium d.A large anaerobic cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium
c.A large anaerobic cell engulfed a small aerobic bacterium
What are the 7 functions of life?
1. Nutrition
2. Metabolism
3. Growth
4. Response
5. Excretion
6. Homeostasis
7. Reproduction
What are the two groups organisms can be divided into according to their cell structure?
1. Eukaryotes have a compartment within the cell that contains the chromosomes. It is called the nucleus and is bound by a nuclear envelope consisting of a double layer of membrane.
2. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
-The double layers where the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails face inwards towards each other and the hydrophilic heads face the water on either side.
-They are stable structures and they form the basis of all cell membranes.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The movement of large or polar molecules with membrane proteins (ions, sucrose).
Can be through a channel protein, or via protein carrier where the molecule binds to the protein causing it to change its shape and transport it through the membrane.
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, how did plant cells evolve?
(a)An anaerobic cell engulfed a chloroplast (b)An aerobic, eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium (c)An anaerobic cell engulfed a small aerobic bacterium
(d)A large anaerobic cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium
(b)An aerobic, eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium