Mineral Properties
Luster
Name the 3 Rock Types
What is Sedimentary, Metamorphic, and Igneous
Define Igneous Rocks
A type of rock that forms from lava that cools and hardens.
Define Metamorphic Rocks
A rock that is changed by heat and/or pressure.
(Usually occurs deep within the earth)
Define Sedimentary Rocks
A type of rock made from particles of weathered material where the particles build up, are pressed together, and harden (cemented)
This number will tell if a mineral will scratch the glass, and it is arguably the most important testing method for telling minerals apart
Hardness
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle describes the processes through which the three main rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) transform from one type into another.
What type of rocks are made from lava cooling on Earth's surface?
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
A rock with a layered or banded appearance.
Foliated Rock
This type of sedimentary rock is formed from pieces of broken rocks that are squeezed together.
A clastic sedimentary rock
What is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and definite chemical composition.
A mineral
The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in
A) hardness B) size C) origin D) age
C) Origin
What is the name of a rock that is black and glassy?
Obsidian
The process in which metamorphic rocks are formed over large areas due to temperature and pressure increases
Regional Metamorphism
What are the 3 broad categories of sediment types?
What is clastic, biogenic, and chemical
The term used to describe an uneven break in a mineral
AND
The term used to describe a clean break in a mineral
What is
Fracture & Cleavage
Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
A) All rocks contain fossils.
B) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common.
C) All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation.
D) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral.
B) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common.
State the conditions, the environment, and the type of rock that the following crystals form:
Large crystals
Small crystals
When magma cools beneath the earth's surface, it takes a long time which allows large crystals to form on igneous rocks
When lava cools above the earth's surface, it takes a shorter time which allows small crystals to form on igneous rocks
Define Contact Metamorphism
The process in which preexisting rock changes when heat from magma or lava rearranges the minerals. NO pressure is involved
According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, a rock that forms directly from land-derived sediments is
A) gabbro B) granite C) sandstone D) dolostone
List at least 3 methods used to test minerals
Acceptable Responses:
Luster, Streak, Color, Hardness, Cleavage, Crystalline Structure, Texture, Taste
Which characteristic provides the best evidence about the environment in which a rock was formed?
A) the size of the rock
B) the thickness of the rock
C) the texture of the rock
D) the color of the rock
C) the texture of the rock
(1) According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which is the best description of the properties of basalt?
A) fine-grained and felsic
B) coarse-grained and mafic
C) coarse-grained and felsic
D) fine-grained and mafic
(2) According to pg. 6 on the Igneous Rock ID chart, compared to basalt, granite is
A) more fine grained in texture
B) lighter in color
C) more mafic in composition
D) greater in density
(1) D) fine-grained and mafic
(2) B) lighter in color
A river carrying pebbles, sand, silt, and clay flows into the ocean. The sediments are sorted by size as they are deposited at different distances from shore. Which sedimentary rock will most likely form from the sediment deposited farthest from shore?
A) conglomerate
B) sandstone
C) siltstone
D) shale
D) shale
Which rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of particles 0.07 centimeter in diameter? [Refer to the Earth Science Reference Tables.]
A) sandstone B) basalt C) limestone D) shale
A) Sandstone