Modal
Formal descriptions of English grammar are typically based on...
Standards of written English
“real-time processing,” "shared context" and “step-by-step assembly” of speech are all components of...
Spoken English
Identify the type of phrasal chunks: “sort of,” “kind of,” and “stuff like that”.
Create vagueness
Don’t have to but it’s um … they reckon it’s um, quicker. This extract has been taken from...
real-life conversation
What is this? “Any questions?”
Ellipsis
The following functions relate to? "Clarifying a comment, expressing a personal attitude or judgment of an item, or serving an interpersonal function".
Tails
“sounds good” and “absolutely right” are examples of...
situational ellipsis of subjects and verbs
Omitted information is retrievable from the text itself. This is...?
Textual ellipsis
What is, according to McCarthy and Carter (1995), a “three I’s” methodology?
illustration, interaction, and induction
...are a way to introduce and orient listeners to a topic before giving information on the topic.
Heads
Identify this: "fill time and allow the speaker to gather his or her thoughts"
Filler
Fill in the gap. One feature of ...is to highlight the topic they want to talk about before commenting on it.
Heads
Without fillers and backchannels, the conversation would be...
Difficult and Awkward
Timmis (2005) recommends using four types of tasks when teaching characteristics of spoken English. List them.
cultural access tasks, global understanding tasks, noticing tasks, and language discussion tasks.
According to Cullen and Kuo (2007), ELT textbooks tend to emphasize phrasal chunks of spoken English over syntactic conversational structures. Why?
Because of their accessibility and relative ease of being learned
Fill in the gap:Mumford (2009) claims that not learning features of spoken grammar may prevent from students’ ability to speak English...
fluently and appropriately