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What is microglia's response to toxic amyloid proteins building up between the nerve cells that communicate
They proliferate
What 3 parts are the neurons made of
soma/cell body, axon, and dendrites that receive message/signals
What are the 3 type of cells that have the risk of dying when Alzheimer's occurs
Oligodendrocytes, Neurons, and Pericytes
What does pericytes do
Pericytes control blood flow by extending their long projection around the contrasting or relaxing endothelial vessel
Can embryonic stem cells be transplanted directly in the brain
No
Pericytes and vascular endothelial cells
What can potentially happen if microglia proliferate in response to foreign proteins in the brain
The amyloid level rises
What are the 4 types of stem cells used for Alzheimer's treatment
Neural stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, embryonic stem cell, and induced pluripotent stem cells
Pericytes have a prominent _________ making them easy to distinguish
Nucleus
What are the 4 cells exclusive to the brain that are affected by alzheimer's
neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
What do neurons use to send out messages
The axon
What proteins tangle because amyloid interferes with it
Tau
What kind of cell can activated in response to a blood-brain barrier breakdown
Microglia
Astrocytes help to _______ brain's ________
Regulate, environment
What do vascular endothelial cells do
They build a barrier between the blood and the vascular wall, separating them
Stem cells
Why do astrocytes and microglia proliferate in response to amyloid
it's their job as immune cells
What chemicals do cells release in response to a neuroinflammation
Histamine, Bradykinin, and Prostaglandin
Can neurons regenerate/repair on their own?
No
Blood-brain barrier breakdown can cause cells to be ________
Inflamed
What cell is the "insulator" in the brain
Oligodendrocytes
It blocks nutrients from the neurons
What happens why amyloid level rises in the brain
It disrupts neuron functions
________ coverage decreases in the brain of an Alzheimer's patient
Pericyte
How do microglia activation do neuronal damage?
It releases cytotoxic molecules which does neuronal damage.