People
He was responsible for making the purchase of the Louisiana Territory
Thomas Jefferson
During the War of 1812, the states of this political party threatened to secede due to their opposition to the war.
Their threats would be denounced after the war, contributing to the party's end.
Federalist Party
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cay Stanton led this meeting in 1948 to discuss women's rights. The Declaration of Sentiments was also written here.
Seneca Falls Convention
The South's major agricultural product/cash crop.
This product provided 2/3 of all U.S. exports and linked the South and Great Britain
Cotton
The country that the U.S. negotiated with for the Louisiana Territory and the name of this transaction.
France; the Louisiana Purchase
Presented himself as the "protector of the common man against the abuses of power by the rich and the privileged"
Frugal Jeffersonian
Signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830
Andrew Jackson
This was the practice of dispensing government jobs in return for party loyalty.
Spoils system
The series of religious revivals that emerged as a counter to the liberal and rationalist ideals of the Enlightenment.
The Second Great Awakening
The Presidential order by Jackson that required all future purchases of federal land be made in silver and gold over paper banknotes.
Species Circular
The era of the U.S. before the American Civil War.
Antebellum Period
Invented the Cotton Gin in 1793
Devised a system of interchangeable parts, later becoming the basis for mass production methods in new northern factories.
Eli Whitney
The theory that suggested each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law or to declare it invalid and void.
First advocated for by Calhoun's South Carolina in response to the Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828)
Nullification Theory
The nickname for the Monroe years, characterized by a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill.
The Era of Good Feelings
The name of Henry Clay's plan to advance the nation's economic growth. It proposed:
- protective tariffs, which would promote American manufacturing
- a national bank, which would provide a national currency to keep the system running smoothly
- internal improvements, which would promote growth in the West and South
American System
This act did 3 things:
1) admitted Missouri as a slave-holding state
2) Admitted Maine as a free state
3) Prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30'
Further polarized the United States
The Missouri Compromise
Believed children should not only learn basic literacy but also moral principles.
Leading advocate of the common (public) school movement
Created a series of elementary textbooks that became widely used to teach reading and morality.
Horace Mann
The political maneuver by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams which cost Andrew Jackson the presidency in the Election of 1824.
"Corrupt bargain"
Clay used his influence in the House to provide Adams with enough votes to win the election.
Adams reciprocated by appointing Clay as his secretary of state, which (by precedent) would've ensured Clay's position as the next president.
The group of writers who:
- Questioned the doctrines of established churches; argued for a more mystical way to find one's inner self and look for God in nature.
- Questioned the business practices of the merchant class; they believed artistic expression was more important than the pursuit of wealth
The Transcendentalists
This economic crash was the cause of:
1) Jackson withdrew all federal funds from the Bank of the United States and transferred the funds to various state banks (pet banks)
2) Order of Specie Circular
Panic of 1837
This Doctrine did this:
1) U.S. wouldn't involve in European affair
2) U.S. won't interfere with existing European colonies in the western hemisphere
3) No other nation could form a new colony in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Famous for his ruling in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) — established the doctrine of judicial review in which the Supreme Court would exercise the power to decide whether an act of Congress or of the president was allowed by the constitution.
His rulings strengthened the central government, at the expense of states' rights
John Marshall
An old method of electing a president where a closed-door meeting of a political party's leaders in Congress would nominate candidates for office.
Did not include the common citizen.
Was replaced by nominating conventions in the 1830s, which were more open to popular participation.
"King Caucus"
This was an essay by Henry David Thoreau.
Established himself as an early advocate of nonviolent protest.
Presented Thoreau's argument for disobeying unjust laws and accepting the penalty.
His essay would inspire the nonviolent movement of both Mohandas Gandhi in India and Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States.
On Civil Disobedience
The first protective tariff in U.S. history
Was created in response to the end of the War of 1812 and the fear of British goods overtaking American markets and manufacturers.
Tariff of 1816
This societal norm/expectation of the South, included a stronger sense of personal honor, the defense of womanhood, and paternalistic attitudes toward all who were deemed inferior, especially slaves
Code of Chivalry