Unit 1
Define Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
Kinetic energy is energy of motion. All objects in motion have kinetic energy.
Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its position.
How does the earth's revolution around the sun affect seasons?
Which season it is depends on whether you live in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere because the Earth’s axis tilts toward one of the two as it moves around the sun.
How are rock layers organized?
Rock layers are formed from the bottom-up:
Youngest rock on top
Oldest rock on bottom
Waves transfer what?
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
What is the kinetic energy formula?
Kinetic Energy= 0.5 x Mass x Velocity Squared
Define balanced and unbalanced forces
Balanced: Objects are motionless (not moving-no acceleration). Net force = zero
Unbalanced: Cause a change in motion (speeding up, slowing down, changing directions- acceleration. Net force is greater than zero.
Explain the difference between rotation and revolution.
"Rotation" refers to an object's spinning motion about its own axis. "Revolution" refers the object's orbital motion around another object.
Define adaptation.
What unit is used to describe the frequency of a wave?
Hertz
Where is the magnetic field the strongest?
In the middle of the magnets.
Define Newton’s 1st Law.
A body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion continues to move at a constant velocity unless acted on by an external force (known as law of inertia)
What 2 ways can you increase the gravitational force between two objects?
Increase mass
Bring closer together
What is a variation in traits?
Differences among individuals within the same species that may help give that species a better chance at surviving different environmental changes.
A substance through which a mechanical wave can travel is called a...
Medium
Define Newton’s 3rd Law.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Define friction
The resistance to motion of one object moving relative to another
Draw a lunar eclipse below. Explain what is happening. What moon phase is required?
When the full moon passes into Earth’s shadow, causing the Moon to appear reddish in color when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon directly line up; lasts 1–3½ hours
A lunar eclipse can only take place at the phase of full moon.
Define natural selection.
Process by which organisms with favorable traits produce more successful offspring than organisms with less-favorable traits, causing the favorable traits to become more common in the population
What waves allow us to hear things?
Sound Waves
Why is embryology important?
Embryology is an understanding of the growth and development of a species before birth which can shed light on how it evolved and how various species are related (common ancestors).
Define Net Force.
The sum (total) of ALL forces applied to an object.
Draw a solar eclipse below. Explain what is happening. What moon phase is required?
When the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, covering all or part of the Sun; occurs when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth directly line up; lasts for less than 12 minutes
A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon.
What are the 5 types of mutations
Point Mutation: Changing in one base.
Substitution: Replacing a sequence of bases.
Inversion: Reversing a sequence of bases.
Insertion: Adding a base.
Deletion: Removing a base.
Define Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Transparent: All light passes through an object
Translucent: Some light passes through an object
Opaque: No light passes through an object
Which of the following types of waves requires a medium: microwave, visible light, sound waves or x-rays?
Sound waves