Napoleon
Who was Napoleon?
He was a French emperor with much power. He lived from the late 1700s to the early 1800s. He came from a rich family and had a very successful career in the military.
Prince Klemens von Metternich met with other nobles at the Congress of _______.
Vienna
When was the German Revolution?
1848
Where did the Industrial Revolution start?
England
How did Napoleon become emperor of France?
When was the Congress of Vienna?
1814-1815
What is another name for the German Revolution?
the March Revolution
What kind of achievements were made in the Industrial Revolution?
the Spinning Jenny, the steam engine, cars, trains, the light bulb, the telephone, the sewing machine
What happened at Waterloo?
Napoleon lost a battle against the English. Afterwards, he was banished to the island St. Helena, where he died.
Why did Metternich and the nobles return everything to how it was before the French Revolution?
To make peace while keeping themselves in power.
What happened at the National Assembly in Frankfurt?
After some elections, all the German states came together and tried to make a democratic constitution (Verfassung).
Why did people strike?
to fight against bad working conditions (when the workers said they wouldn't work, the bosses had no one to make money for them, so they had to give the workers what they wanted)
What was Europe like after Napoleon died?
Europe was in a state of chaos. The nobles wanted peace.
What changed after the Congress of Vienna?
France had to give lots of its new land back to Germany. The Third Estate had no rights, just like before the French Revolution. The German Confederation was made, which some people did not like, because they wanted a unified Germany.
Why did the German Revolution fail?
The different German states (Prussia, Saxony, Austria, etc.) could not agree on anything while they made a new constitution (Verfassung). The nobles also got their power back with military force (Militärmacht).
What did the Social Question stand for?
Better working conditions (shorter working hours, higher wages, support in case of illness or disability)
What good things did Napoleon do? What bad things did he do?
Good: He built more roads, helped make more business in France, and allowed people to practice whatever religion they wanted. He also appointed people to the government (Er hat Leute in die Regierung eingesetzt) because of their abilities and not just because they were nobles.
Bad: He took lots of people's land, which made them suffer. He also took lots of soldiers into battles that couldn't be won, causing lots of them to die. (He once went to Russia with 60,000 soldiers and returned with 20,000.) After he was exiled (vertrieben), Europe was in a state of chaos.
Why did Prince Metternich and the nobles make the Carlsbad Decrees?
To stop the student unions (Burschenschaften) from protesting and fighting for a unified Germany.
What does it mean to "take the means of production"?
Karl Marx believed that because there were more workers than bosses, they could start a revolution and control how and when things were produced. Then they could share all the resources equally. To do this, the companies had to belong to the state instead of private people.