Human Health
The LD50 indicates the ________.
A) amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population
B) lowest dose that kills any member of the population
C) lowest dose that kills 50 out of 1000 members of the population
D) lowest dose required to cure half of the population
E) lowest dose required to cure the entire population
A) amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population.
_______ is a secondary air pollutant that can be formed in urban smog
ozone
The decrease in NOx emissions in the United States. from 1970 to 2014 can be partially attributed to which of the following?
A) the use of scrubbers in motor vehicles
B) the use of catalytic converters in motor vehicles
C) a decrease in the amount of energy consumed
D) a decrease in vehicle miles traveled
E) a decrease in the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere
B) the use of catalytic converters in motor vehicles
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?
a. A factory
b. Sewer pipes
c. Agricultural fields
d. All are non-point sources.
c. Agricultural fields
In a manipulative experiment ________.
a) the researcher manipulates the independent variable
b) the researcher manipulates as many variables as possible
c) replication of the experiment is not necessary
d) a scientist has been caught manipulating the data for economic gain
e) the peer review process is bypassed
a) the researcher manipulates the independent variable
________ are substances that cause birth defects.
Teratogens
What gas comprises the largest portion of Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen
In the United States, which of the following has decreased since 1980?
A) energy consumption
B) air pollution emissions
C) population
D) vehicle miles traveled
E) gross domestic product (GDP)
B) air pollution emissions
All of the following are types of wetlands EXCEPT
a. streams.
b. bogs.
c. swamps.
d. freshwater marshes.
a. streams
Ecosystem services ________.
a) contribute to keeping ecosystems productive
b) are actions humans must take in order to protect and serve ecological systems
c) are economically valuable services provided by natural systems
d) are valuable to natural systems but not to human-created systems
e) are required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed
c) are economically valuable services provided by natural systems
When a new substance enters the market, there are two main approaches: the "innocent-until-proven-guilty" approach, with limited testing, and the "________" approach, in which rigorous testing occurs before products are released.
precautionary principle
_______ is a naturally occurring substance that is potentially toxic to people.
A) Radon
B) DDE
C) Bisphenol A (BPA)
D) Carbon
E) PCB
A) Radon
Primary air pollutants include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) carbon monoxide
B) nitrogen oxide
C) ozone
D) volatile organic compounds
E) particulate matter
C) ozone
A confined aquifer is defined as
a. an aquifer that traps porous rocks between layers of less permeable substrate.
b. an aquifer that traps porous rocks under one layer
of less permeable substrate.
c. an aquifer with porous rocks resting on bedrock.
d. an aquifer with no upper layer.
a. an aquifer that traps porous rocks between layers of less permeable substrate.
Unregulated populations tend to increase by ________.
a. linear growth
b. exponential growth
c. pyramidal growth
d. emigration
e. immigration
b. exponential growth
Synergistic effects of toxicants ________.
A) have effects of individual toxicants that tend to cancel one another out
B) typically exhibit additive effects of the individual toxicants
C) are not numerous in the natural environment
D) are greater than the sum of the effects of the components
E) always involve synthetic toxicants
D) are greater than the sum of the effects of the components
Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called ________.
A) Coriolis cells
B) Hadley cells
C) polar cells
D) El Niño events
E) Ferrel cells
B) Hadley cells
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the:
Troposphere
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of dams?
a. Habitat alteration
b. Power generation
c. Crop irrigation
d. Shipping
a. Habitat alteration
The process by which two unrelated species, living in similar environments but different locations, acquire similar traits is called_________.
a. Artificial selection
b. Cross-breeding
c. Divergent evolution
d. Natural selection
e. Convergent evolution
e. Convergent evolution
Which of the following is a cultural hazard?
A) a high-fat diet
B) an earthquake
C) Zika virus
D) UV radiation from the sun
E) flooding
A) a high-fat diet
Residence time is the ________.
A) chemical change that occurs with time, when substances are altered by the sun or metabolized by microorganisms
B) length of time a pollutant spends in the environment
C) chemical change that occurs with time, when substances alter the growth and development of humans
D) length of time it takes for chemicals to be stored in the tissues of living organisms
E) length of time it takes to produce toxic chemicals in the environment
B) length of time a pollutant spends in the environment
The Coriolis effect contributes to ________.
A) global wind patterns
B) global warming
C) greenhouse gas emissions
D) a reduction in eutrophication
E) an increase in eutrophication
A) global wind patterns
Dead zones, such as those found in the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, are a consequence of
a. thermal pollution.
b. groundwater pollution.
c. nutrient pollution.
d. All of the above help create dead zones.
c. nutrient pollution.
A niche specialist is ________.
a. more likely to go extinct than a niche generalist
b. more likely to adapt to climate change than a niche generalist
c. more likely to thrive in human-modified environments than a niche generalist
d. more likely to have a large geographic distribution than a niche generalist
e. more likely to use a wide variety of resources than a niche generalist
a. more likely to go extinct than a niche generalist