A
A brain imaging technique which involves taking multiple scans of the brain in response to a stimulus, and measuring the blood flow to particular brain regions.
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
30 points
The construction exemplified by the sentence “The girl gave a book to the boy”, which is often tested in priming experiments.
Prepositional Dative
SELF-DESTRUCTION
A particular use of the eye-tracking methodology in which participants view a display with different objects, and the camera tracks where participants look in response to the verbal stimulus.
Visual World Paradigm
500 points
The ERP response that typically obtains in response to semantically anomalous sentences (e.g., “The girl saw the cat baking.”).
N400 (increased negativity about 400 msec after the onset of the stimulus)
1,000,000 point GIFT
The parsing model that states that only syntactic strategies affect sentence processing
The Garden-Path Model
3 points
A brain imaging technique which involves measuring the electrical activity of the brain, time-locking the electrical response to the stimulus.
ERP (Event Related Potentials)
STEAL
The construction exemplified by the sentence “The girl gave the boy a book”, which is often tested in priming experiments.
The Double Object Construction
STEAL
In what cases are we more likely to remember the form of an utterance?
Interactional Content; Jokes; Insults
1 point GIFT
The hemisphere of the cerebral cortex where language is localized, for most people.
the Left Hemisphere
3,000 points
What type of aphasia is known for causing effortful, telegraphic speech but little impairment with comprehension?
Broca's aphasia
ULTIMATE DESTRUCTION
Name three things that can cause aphasia.
Stroke, disease (e.g., tumor), trauma
DESTRUCTION
Syntactic strategy that states: Build the syntactic structure with as few nodes as possible
Minimal Attachment
2 points
What is one cue that we can use for disambiguating a sentence?
lexical cues, prosodic cues, contextual cues
30 points
Impairment resulting from brain damage that involves particular difficulties retrieving nouns (names for things), even though language is otherwise spared.
Anomia
1,000 points
In what hemisphere of the brain is emotional language (e.g., swearing) and metaphor likely located?
Right Hemisphere
DESTRUCTION
The process by which speakers tend to reuse a previously produced syntactic structure when making a new utterance
Syntactic (structural) priming / structural persistence
1 point
The result of having multiple possible constituent groupings when parsing a sentence.
syntactic ambiguity
0.5 points
The type of ambiguity which is resolved before the end of the sentence.
Temporary Ambiguity
STEAL
What type of cue does an adult use to disambiguate sentences that a child does not?
contextual cues
ULTIMATE DESTRUCTION
The hypothesis according to which L2-learners do not process sentences deeply, and rely only on non-syntactic cues like plausibility.
The Shallow-Structure Hypothesis
10,000 points
The process by which the number marking of the verb corresponds to the number (singularity vs. plurality) of the subject NP
Agreement / Verbal agreement / Subject-verb agreement
15 points
The type of agreement where the noun denotes singularity or plurality in the real world. (e.g., team, fleet, family)
Notional Plurality
SELF-DESTRUCTION
The main dependent variable in a self-paced reading study
Reading time (at the critical region, and also at the post-critical region)
50 points
The ERP response that typically obtains in response to ungrammatical sentences (e.g., “The girl saw boy the today.”).
P600 (increased positivity about 600 msec after the onset of the stimulus)
50 point GIFT
The type of aphasia in which comprehension and semantics are quite impaired, but syntax is relatively spared (so that the patient talks fluently but nonsensically).
Wernicke's Aphasia
STEAL