Economics
Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants
Scarcity
An international organization founded under the terms of the first Geneva Convention. Its original duty was to care for those who were wounded, sick, or homeless in wartime. Today, it also attends to the victims of natural disasters.
International Red Cross
Students in an Iowa school were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. Ruled that this suspension was unconstitutional and that public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door." Upheld First Amendment Right to freedom of expression
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Popular Sovereignty
The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.
First Amendment
the act of giving up one benefit in order to gain another, greater benefit
Trade-off
An institution dedicated to promoting dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace.
United Nations (UN)
The Court held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states.
McDonald v. Chicago
A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.
Limited Government
Right to keep and bear arms
Second Amendment
An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
Traditional Economy
the main governing body of the United Nations, it has the authority to identify threats to international peace and security and to prescribe the organization's response, including military and/or economic sanctions
United Nations Security Council
4th Amendment Case in which the Supreme court decided that a student may be searched if there is "reasonable ground" for doing so.
New Jersey v. TLO
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
Rule of Law
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
4th Amendment
a period during which a country's economy goes from growth to recession (= a time when business conditions are bad) and back to growth
economic/business cycle
Judicial branch of the UN.
Its main functions are to settle legal disputes between member countries.
World Court (International Court of Justice)
Fifth Amendment case in which the Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.
Miranda v. Arizona
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Separation of Powers
A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.
Fifth Amendment
Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
Factors of Production
A group within the United Nations responsible for human health, including combating the spread of infectious diseases and health issues related to natural disasters.
World Health Organization (WHO)
The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions
United States v. Nixon
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Judicial Review
A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.
Sixth Amendment