Types of Prevention
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
Direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir or host to a susceptible host
What is direct transmission?
A set of standard criteria for classifying whether a person has a particular disease, syndrome, or other health condition
What is case definition?
Person who's been exposed and has a disease-causing pathogen, and has had it for some time, even though they have recovered from the disease
What is an active carrier?
Process which consists of an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
What is chain of infection?
Change of behavior on part of the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is active primary prevention?
A disease that comes from an agent that is transferred or carried by an item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host
What is indirect transmission?
The first case disease brought to the attention of an epidemiologist
What is an index case?
A person that has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but hasn't become ill or shown any symptoms of the disease
What is a healthy/passive carrier?
Transmission of disease that happens when the pathogen leaves the reservoir through this exit "portal"
What is portal of exit?
No change needed in an individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is passive primary prevention?
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or respiratory droplets like sneezing, coughing, laughing, or breathing
What is airborne transmission?
The first disease case in the population
What is a primary case?
A person who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious
What is a convalescent carrier?
Entry way for a pathogen to enter the body
What is a portal of entry?
To reduce the spread of a disease and improve the likelihood for a cure after it has begun
Disease transmission process that occurs when the pathogen, uses a host as a mechanism for transportation, nourishment, or physical transfer process
What is mechanical transmission?
A person who has become infected from contact with the primary case after the disease has been introduced into the population
What is a secondary case?
A person who has been exposed and carries a pathogen, who is in the beginning stages of the disease , who shows symptoms, and can transmit the disease.
What is an incubatory carrier?
Type of epidemiology which answers the questions "why?" and "how?"
What is analytical epidemiology?
Efforts to limit a disease or disability by providing services such as rehabilitation, where disease, injury and/or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector
What is biological transmission?
An individual or groups of individuals who have all the signs and symptoms of a disease but have not been diagnosed of having the disease or had the cause of the symptoms directed towards a suspected pathogen
What is a suspect case?
Person who has been exposed to and carries a pathogen , which can spread the disease at different locations and times
What is an intermittent carrier?
Type of epidemiology that describes an outbreak in terms of person, place, and time.
What is descriptive epidemiology