Disorders
Rare condition caused by overproduction of Growth Hormone (GH)?
What is Acromegaly?
Secreted by the anterior pituitary and important for growth and development of muscles and bones
What is Growth Hormone (GH)?
Name three common clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Polyphagia(increased hunger), polyuria (increased urine production), polydipsia (increased thirst), weight loss, glycosuria (high glucose in urine)
Oral biguanide hypoglycaemic medication which increases glucose uptake, reduces glucose production in the liver, increases insulin sensitivity
What is metformin (Brand Names : Diaformin, Diabex, Metex etc)
The most common endocrine disorders are related to this glad?
What is Thyroid?
An enlarged Thyroid Gland is know as?
What is a Goitre?
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulates the release of these two major hormones which target the reproductive organs
What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Lutenising hormone (LH)?
When teaching a patient or carer about the management of hypothroidism what information should you include?
Importance of lifelong therapy
Need to take medication 30min before food in the AM
Emphasise need for comfortable warm environment
Teach measures to prevent skin breakdown
Caution against the ues of sedatives, and if used monitior mental status and respiration
Measures to minimise constipation.
Synthetic thyroid supplement indicated for the treatment of hypothroidism?
What is levothyroxine (thyroxine)?
The physical appearance of dull puffy skin, coarse sparse hair, periorbital oedema and prominent tongue is known as
What is Myxoedema
Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease, but a group of disorders with abnormal glucose metabolism. Name the three main categories.
What is Type 1, Type 2 & Gestational
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) released stimulates this hormone to be released from the Anterior Pituitary Gland
What is Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
What are some of the priority care areas for patient's with Cushings syndrome?
Risk of infections due to suppression of immune system
Disturbed body image
Imbalanced nutrition
Impaired skin integrity related to excess corticosteroids
IM injection which has long acting androgenic and anabolic actions for treatment of conditions such as testicular failure.
The third hormone produced by the thyroid gland, responsible for circulating calcium levels?
What is Calcitonin?
Auto-immune condition which is the most common cause of hyperthroidism.
What is Graves' disease?
In response to insufficient water in the blood, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus stimulate the posterior pituitary to release _____ hormone?
What is antidiruretic hormone (ADH)?
Corticosteroids therapy is used to relieve signs and symptoms of many endocrine conditions, however long-term administration can lead to side effects. What are some of the side effects?
Healing is delayed, skeletal muscle atrophy, predisposition to peptic ulcer disease, glucose intolerance, symptoms of inflammation supressed, Blood pressure increases, hypokalemia
Synthetic drug which inhibits secretion of growth hormone and many gastrointestinal hormones. Used to treat acromegaly and bleeding varicies. Can be given IV, IM or SC.
What is octreotide?
There are 5 different classes of insulin, based on their onset of action. Name 4
Rapid-acting, Short-Acting, Long-acting, Intermediate Acting, Combination
Chronic excess levels of serum cortisol can lead to this condition which is characterized by weight gain, accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, facial and cervical areas.
What is Cushing's syndrome?
Thyroid hormone is available in the body as either?
What is T4 (90%) or T3(10%)?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening emergency caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. What are some nursing management strategies when assessing and managing DKA?
Assess precipitating factors such as other illnesses, new-onset diabetes, or poor compliance with treatment regimen.
Monitor hourly intake and output.
Assess skin turgor, mucous membranes, and thirst.
Monitor vital signs, BP especially for orthostatic hypotension.
Assess neurological status every two (2) hours.
Monitor blood results
Gold standard glucocorticoid used for anti-inflammatory and immuno-suppresant qualities
What is hydrocortisone?
The H__________-P________ axis (or system) which produces a number of hormones and forms the structural and functional basis for integration of the neurological and endocrine systems
What is the Hypothalamic-pituitary System