Revolution
Name the two most significant grievances that frustrated the colonists.
Taxation & Abuse of Power
(freedom, lack of representation in Parliament, excessive rules and restrictions, lack of rights)
Cash crop agriculture is labor intensive; their economy depended on high-volume exports
What were the North's advantages in the Civil War?
Industrialization to produce war resources, an existing military and navy, rail lines to transport resources
Define "Reconstruction"
An effort to reunify the nation after the Civil War and transition to a post-slavery society.
Why was chattel slavery so violent? What was the strategic purpose?
Violence = fear= control
How did the British government justify new taxes (Stamp, Sugar, etc)?
To recover the expenses of protecting the colonies in the French and Indian War
Why did Northerners oppose slavery?
Their economy didn't need it. Stories from former slaves showed how violent and immoral the practice was.
Why did the Confederacy suffer more during the Civil War?
It was fought on their farms, backyards. It was their property that was ruined and cities burned.
No slavery
Equal protection of the laws for all citizens
Voting rights for free men
Why were poor whites (who couldn't own slaves anyway) so racist?
They didn't want to be equated with slaves. Racism elevated them just above the bottom.
All power was always in the hands of the monarch. The idea that any people had "rights" or "power" was brand new.
Provide one example of democratic compromise 1750-1860
3/5th compromise, Missouri, 1850, Kansas-Nebraska
After South Carolina seceded from the Union, what was the reason for Union aggression toward them?
The South had possession of federal property in military forts and armories.
What did the Freedmen's Bureau hope to offer former slaves?
education, healthcare, job opportunities, land
Restricted settlement west of the Appalachians
An effort to diplomatically reform and compromise before the revolution
Explain one achievement of the new American democracy and one shortcoming.
A: voting, separation of powers, Bill of Rights, limited power of government, free press
S: only landowning men could vote, slavery, no public education
Explain the "states' rights" argument of maintaining slavery.
The federal government isn't allowed to tell states what to do, except for the issues specifically outlined in the Constitution. Slavery was left out of the Constitution, so federal govt shouldn't make that decision.
What does it mean that a Civil War is "lose-lose?"
What were the Black Codes?
State and local laws that limited the rights and freedoms of African Americans: where to live, movement, gun ownership, assembly in groups, curfew
Why did poor whites refuse to farm for themselves?
Explain the connection between the battles at Lexington & Concord and the 2nd amendment
The British military first targeted the colonial militia's weapons storehouse resulting in the battles at Lexington and Concord. Americans view the right to own guns as the last straw in defending against an abusive government.
Explain how ONE of these contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War: Fugitive Slave laws OR Uncle Tom's Cabin
Fugitive Slave laws required northerners to participate in upholding slavery, even if they opposed it. Uncle Tom's Cabin was a fictional novel that spread abolitionist opinions.
What was the significance of Sherman's March to Sea?
The Union army totally destroyed everything in its wake toward surrender. It left significant damage to the South.
What was the political goal of the KKK?
To scare African Americans away from voting (otherwise they would have dominated Southern politics)
How did Northerners use political justification for abolition of slavery? (rather than moral)
Natural rights granted by the Constitution
Slavery is unamerican because its antithetical to freedom