Fluid and Electrolytes

Tonic Talk

100

This type of IV solution stays in the vascular space.

What is an isotonic solution?

200

“Go out of the vessel” describes this type of solution.

What is a hypotonic solution?

300

This solution pulls fluid into the vascular space.

What is a hypertonic solution?

400

Normal saline (0.9% NS) is an example of this type of solution.

What is isotonic?

500

Using the mnemonic I-O-E, hypertonic fluids do this to fluid movement.

What is enter the vessel? 

• Isotonic fluids stay where I put it

• O hypotonic fluids go Out of the vessel

• E hypertonic fluids Enter the vessel

Lab values

100

Sodium

135-145 meq/L

200

Potassium

3.5 - 5.0 meq/L

300

Calcium

8-10.5 mg/dl

400

Magnesium

1.5-2.5 mEq/dl

500

Phosphorus

2.5-4.5mg/dl

Sodium Status & Potassium Problems

100

A major neurological risk of severe hyponatremia due to cell swelling.

What are seizures? (or coma)

200

This condition results from excess water diluting sodium, often seen in SIADH.

What is hypervolemic hyponatremia?

300

The most common cause of hypokalemia.

What is diuretic therapy?

400

IV potassium should never be given this way.

What is IV bolus or undiluted?

500

This resin exchanges sodium for potassium in the intestine.

What is sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?

Go with the Flow (Fluid Basics)

100

This fluid compartment contains the majority of total body water.

What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

200

The kidneys, RAAS, ADH, and thirst work together to maintain this balance.

What is fluid homeostasis?

300

This principle explains fluid movement across capillary membranes based on hydrostatic and oncotic pressure.

What is Starling’s law of capillaries?

400

This hormone causes the kidneys to retain water when osmolality increases.

What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

500

These peptides promote sodium and water excretion to decrease fluid volume.

What are natriuretic peptides?

Bones & Buzzing Nerves (Ca, Phos, Mag

100

A positive Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign indicates this imbalance.

What is hypocalcemia?

200

This electrolyte imbalance commonly occurs with kidney failure and is often accompanied by hypocalcemia.

What is hyperphosphatemia?

300

Loss of deep tendon reflexes is associated with this electrolyte imbalance.

What is hypermagnesemia?

 

400

This electrolyte is primarily stored in bone and affects neuromuscular function.

What is magnesium?

500

This electrolyte imbalance often presents with fatigue, constipation, and kidney stones.

What is hypercalcemia?