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100
What is the type of metabolic reaction which builds up large molecules from small molecules?

Anabolic

100

What is human genomics?

The study of the human genome.
100

Which type of cells:

1) divide by mitosis only

2) divide by mitosis and meiosis

1) somatic

2) germline

100
Why does doping by increasing the concentration of red blood cells in a long-distance skiier enhance their ability?

The red blood cells deliver more oxygen to the muscles so that they don't tire as quickly.

200

What is the single gene mutation which does not cause a frame-shift?

Substitution

200

What is a mutation?

Changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised.

200

Which type of sugar is in:

1) DNA nucleotides

2) RNA nucleotides

1) deoxyribose

2) ribose

200

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a single substitution mutation , causing a variety of health problems. What do we call substitution mutations which result in a shorter protein?

Nonsense

300

What do you call the triplet of bases on a tRNA?

Anti-codon

300

What is an intron?

Non-coding regions of genes.

300

Which type of chromosome mutation:

1) changes the length of the chromosome (multiple possible answers)

2) changes only the order of genes on a chromosome

1) duplication OR deletion OR translocation

2) inversion

300

Why would a mutation of the last enzyme in a metabolic pathway result in the greater production of the second intermediate in the pathway?

The pathway is controlled by feedback inhibition, therefore the the first enzyme would not be inhibited and more of the second intermediate would be made.

400
What is the property of embryonic stem cells that means that they can become any type of cell?

Pluripotent

400

What are slow twitch muscles?

Muscle fibres which contract relatively slowly, but can sustain contractions for longer.


+ used in endurance activities

+contain many mitochondria, large blood supply, high concentration of myoglobin

400

Where in the mitochondria does the following occur:

1) citric acid cycle

2) electron transfer chain

1) matrix

2) inner membrane

400

Why might a doctor get their patient's personal genome sequence after diagnosis of diabetes?

To select the most effective drugs and dosage

500

What combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate?

Acetyl Coenzyme A

500

What is induced fit?

When the active site of an enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate after the substrate binds.

500

At what temperatures in PCR do the following occur:

1) DNA strands separating

2) Primers binding to target sequences

3) DNA polymerase replication

1) 92-98C

2) 50-65C

3) 70-80C

500

Why does changing one amino acid due to a mutation cause a non-functioning enzyme?

The protein can no longer fold correctly due to the change in amino acid sequence, therefore the enzyme is no longer able to fit with the substrates.