Poultry Breeding and Genetics
How many chromosome pairs do chickens and turkeys have?
Chicken - 39 pairs
Turkey 41 pairs
Expiration or Exhalation is ______ in birds
Inhalation is _______ in birds
Active
Passive
What are erythrocytes?
What are leukocytes?
Thrombocytes (neucleated or non-nucleated)
Red Blood Cells (nucleated)
White Blood Cells (non-nucleated)
Nucleated
What is the order of the digestive tract in a chicken?
Mouth, Esophagus, Crop, Proventriculus, Gizzard, Small Intestine, then Large Intestine.
What senses CO2 which drives respiration based on the CO2 content in the blood - the higher CO2 causes a faster respiration rate
Medulla
_____ is the unit of inheritance located on the chromosome
_____ carry the genetic material and occur in pairs
Gene
Chromosome
How many air sacs are there in a bird?
9 air sacs
Liquid Portion of the Blood
Plasma
Function of the Proventriculus?
Function of the Gizzard?
chemical digestion, secretes HCL and pepsin
mechanical digestion, grinds food
Part of the midbrain, relatively large in birds compared to other vertebrates
Optic Lobes
Male - Homogametic ZZ
Female - Heterogametic ZW
How are air sacs attached to the bird?
Attached to pneumatic bones with foramen
What is the average heart rate of birds?
250-350 beats per minute
What is the ceca?
What is the cloaca?
some anaerobic digestion and gas formation
(vent) common opening
Involved in the coordination of skeletal muscle activity, relatively large
Cerebellum
Phenotype refers too
Genotype refers too
an observation or physical aspect
genetic make up
As the Sternum lifts during Exhalation, it compresses the ribs and _______ pressure is created to pull air through
Negative
What transports O2, nutrients, metabolic wastes, and hormones through the body and from cells?
What transports deO2 blood away from the heart through the body?
What transports deO2 blood to the heart?
Blood
Arteries
Veins
Liver function? (4 things)
Fat Metabolism, bile synthesis, yolk synthesis, filtration of metabolic waste
Consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres plus olfactory lobes, the olfactory lobes are relatively small in most birds
Cerebrum
Heritability
What are the 9 different air sacs?
Interclavicular
Cervical
Anterior Thoracic
Posterior Thoracic
Abdominal
How do avian red blood cells differ from mammalian red blood cells?
Avian red blood cells are nucleated
Ureters function?
What is the white cap on feces?
transports waste in the form of uric acid from kidneys to cloaca as part of the excretion process
Uric acid
______ appears to be more sensitive in birds because of the reaction time in birds
CNS