Locomotion :(
Exotics
Horses are Aliens
Alimentary
Grab Bag
100
What type of bone formation forms most of the skeleton during embryonic development?
Endochondral ossification
100
What is the name of the ventral shell of the tortoise?
Plastron
100
Which organ is notably absent in the horse?
Gallbladder
100
The omasum can be auscultated on what side of the cow?
The right side
100
What is the name of the green structure?
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
200
What is the role of the digital cushion and what is it made of?
It plays an important role in shock absorption and circulation. It is comprised mainly of: collagen, elastic fibers, and adipose tissue
200
What species has a penis with four branches, and why the heck does it need so many branches?
The echidna
They are constantly mating
200
Why can't horses vomit?
They have a very well defined cardiac sphincter
also bc they're aliens
200
What are sacculations?
also known as haustra. Contractions (haustration) in the large intestine chop and mix the chyme. Sacculations are formed by these contractions, which look like little pockets in the intestine
200
Which muscles of the eye are innervated by the abducens nerve?
Retractor Bulbi
Lateral Rectus
300
What are the main components of synovial fluid? Would you find this in a synarthrotic or diarthrotic joint?
Diarthrosis
Water, hylauronic acid, lubricin, surface active phospholipids, electrolytes/glucose
300
What is the role of the proventriculous?
Glandular (chemical) stomach
located between esophagus and gizzard
300
What is the shape of the right kidney in a horse?
Triangular
The left is more "heart shaped"
300
Which chamber of the ruminant stomach can be identified by its characteristic honeycomb appearance?
The reticulum
300
What are the two main erectile tissues in the musculovascular penis, and what is the third found in the dog?
1. Corpus Cavernosum
2. Corpus spongiosum
3. Bulbus Glandis
400
Describe the properties of a Type II (b) muscle fiber and what kind of animal you might see this in
Fast glycolytic: low myoglobin, large diameter, few capillaries
high force low duration
cheetahs, racing greyhounds, other sprinter s
400
What species has an incredibly long loop of henle?
Desert species: gerbil
400
In what organ is are the cortex and the medulla reversed, and and what structure does this give rise to?
The ovary: ovulation fossa
400
What supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein (nutrient rich, oxygen poor). Hepatic artery (oxygen rich, nutrient poor)
400
What muscles are involved in tidal inspiration?
diaphragm (phrenic n)
external intercostals (intercostal n)
500
What kind of neurons are exclusive to muscle spindles?
Gamma motoneurons
500
The triosseal canal is made up of which three bones?
scapula, coracoid, clavicle
500
What adaptation allows horses to sleep standing up, and describe two important structures of this system.
The passive stay apparatus:
Prevention of shoulder flexion: serratus ventralis and biceps brachii
Stifle locking mechanism (medial patellar ligament, medial trochlear tubercle)
Superficial digital flexor tendon (prevents flexion of tarsus as stifle is locked)
reciprocal apparatus (peritoneus tertius)
500
What is the difference between a Homodont, a Heterodont, and a monodont? Extra points if you can name an example of each.
homodont: all teeth the same, most vertebrates except mammals
Heterodont: more than one tooth morphology. Mammals
monodont: only one tooth. Narwhal
500
describe the flow of cerebral spinal fluid
Lateral ventricles-->interventricular foramen-->third ventricle-->cerebral aqueduct-->fourth ventricle -->central canal of spinal cord or DSS