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Opioids
Opiods 2
drugs of abuse
Drugs of Abuse More
Affective Disorders
100
Tolerance never develops to these two side effects of opioid use.
What is miosis, constipation
100
Q: Which opioid related to methorphan is used as an antitussive?
What is A: dextromethorphan
100
Q: T or F: One drink consists of 12 oz. beer, 1.5 oz. vodka, and 5 oz. of wine.
What is True
100
Q: Which drug carries the largest risk of addiction?
What is A: Tobacco
100
Q: What class of drugs does amitriptyline belong?
What is A: Tricyclic
200
name two opioid antagonists and their route of administration.
What is naloxone (IV--can be given in PO formulations but not absorbed via GI tract, in this form to deter IV abuse) and naltrexone (PO--can also be used for alcohol abuse)
200
Q: Which opioid can be used an antidiarrheal?
What is A: meperidine or loperamide
200
Q: This route of administration is the most addictive route related to substance abuse.
What is A: Inhalation (think how many people are addicted to cigarettes)
200
Q: What drug class can be used for those suffering from alcoholism??
What is A: benzos
200
Q: Describe the MOA of tricyclic antidepressants.
What is A: Blocks the re-uptake of NE and/or 5-HT. Causes downregulation of autoreceptors thus increasing the release of NE and 5-HT
300
Q: This drug is mixed agonist-antagonist and is often used in the setting of opioid detoxification.
What is A: buprenorphine BONUS: What is the major benefit associated with this drug that the other major opioid agonists lack? A: the "ceiling effect"--largely decreases risk of respiratory depression due to overdose
300
Q: Which opioid receptor type is primarily responsible for the clinically relevant effects of opioid drugs?
What is A: mu
300
Q: This medication is structurally identical to delta-9 THC.
What is A: Dronabinol (Marinol) Bonus: At what receptor does this agent primarily have action?
300
Q: Which gender has higher rates of alcoholism?
What is A: Men (5-10%) vs. Women 3-5%
300
Q: Name three anticholinergic effects?
What is A: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
400
Q: This opioid in converted to morphine in the body via CYP2D6.
What is A: codeine BONUS--Besides pain control, codeine can be used for this purpose (often in a liquid formulation). A: anti-tussive effect (used in cough syrup)
400
Q: Which synthetic opioid is made in an ultra short-acting formulation?
What is A: remifentanil
400
Q: Explain the difference between psychological and physical dependence.
What is A: Essential idea is that they do not always occur together—you can have physical dependence without psychological dependence (e.g. a patient with hypertension has a physical dependence on their beta blocker if they have been taking it for a period of time—stopping cold turkey, they could go into a dangerous hypertensive state due to a rebound effect; however, they do not psychologically crave their beta blocker like an addict)
400
Q: Which cannabinoid receptor subtype may have a role in the immune system
What is A: CB-2
400
Q: Name three reasons why a pharmacist should not give more than a weeks supply of protriptyline to an acutely depressed patient.
What is A: Long half lives, serious toxicity at high plasma levels, regain clarity
500
Q: This physiologic response to opioids is responsible for respiratory depression.
What is A: blunted response to hypercapnia (decreased response to excessive CO2--your body normally would compensate by increasing the respiratory rate to blow off the CO2 in exchange for oxygen)
500
Q: Which opioid receptor is associated with dysphoric reactions?
What is A: Kappa
500
Q: Anandamide acts as this type of synaptic messenger at GABA receptors to regulate GABA release.
What is A: retrograde
500
Q: Which drug of abuse was recently approved to legally use for medicinal purposes in Massachusetts?
What is A: Marijuana
500
Q: What drug causes priapism?
What is A: Trazodone