Cell Cycle
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate (2 copies of DNA in the cell)?
Synthesis (S) Phase
In what type of cells does mitosis occur in?
Which scientist(s) came up with the base pairing rule?
Chargoff
What shape is the DNA molecule?
Double helix
What are the two parts of protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
What are the 3 phases before Mitosis?
G1, S, G2
What happens if there is a mistake (mutation) during Mitosis?
Cancer could occur
Which scientist(s) modeled the first structure of DNA.
Watson and Crick
What are the base pairing rules for DNA?
A=T
C=G
What happens in transcription and where does it take place?
A complementary strand of mRNA (messenger RNA) is made from DNA (template). This happens in the nucleus.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
What is the difference between Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
Mitosis is when the DNA/nucleus splits. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm splits.
Which scientist(s) use x-ray cystallography to study protein molexules?
Rosaling Franklin
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
What happens in translation and where does it take place?
In translation, mRNA is transcribed into amino acids using tRNA. Chains of amino acids are proteins. This happens in the cytoplasm/ribosome (rRNA).
Why is it important that cells go through G1, S and G2 before Mitosis?
The cell must grow and duplicate its DNA before it can divide into two identical daughter cells.
How many daughter cells are made in each round of division and how do these daughter cells look in comparison to the parent?
2 daughter cells
If a DNA molecule contains 25% Adenine, what is the percentage of Cytosine in the same molecule?
25%
What is the sugar called that DNA uses?
Deoxyribose
Where are the directions located for what specific proteins need to be made?
The directions originally come from the DNA, specifically the genes expressed.
Explain what happens in G1, S, G2 and Mitosis.
G1 - Cell begins to grow
S - Cell duplicates its DNA
G2 - Continues to grow and prepare for cell division
M - Cell divides
Explain a situation that would cause mitosis to happen in your cells.
Answers can vary as long as the purpose is associated with growth and repair.
Explain how scientists were able to prove that DNA is the molecule carrying genetic information?
The researchers used different radioactive elements to label the DNA and proteins in viruses. This allowed them to identify which molecule the viruses inserted into bacteria. DNA was the molecule they identified. This confirmed that DNA is the genetic material.
What occurs if there is a mistake in the sequence of DNA?
Mutation
What are the 3 types of RNA and what are the functions of each?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place)
transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis