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Random 1

100

How Windows gets an IP address 

Automatic IP addressing
 –This is the default

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

200

 –Wipe everything and reload
 –Backup your files
 –Start the setup by booting from the installation
media

Clean install

300

Upgrade the existing OS
 –Keeps all applications, documentations, and settings
 –Start the setup from inside the existing OS

in-place Upgrade

400

• Encrypt an entire volume
 –Protects all of your data, including the OS
 –Support for all Windows editions except Home
• Lose your laptop? - Doesn’t matter without the password
• Data is always protected
 –Even if the physical drive is moved to another computer

BitLocker

500

-Rights and permissions should be set to the bare
minimum
 –You only get exactly what’s needed to  
complete your objective

 Don’t allow users to run with administrative privileges
 –Limits the scope of malicious behavior  

What is Least privilege?

acronyms

100

EFS

  Encrypting File System

200

SMS

Short message service

300

WWAN  

Wireless Wide Area Network

400

 ACLs

Used to allow or deny traffic  

Access Control Lists

500

 Network name - SSID

What is Service Set Identification? 

Random 2

100

• View user and trusted certs
 –Add and remove

Certificate Manager

• certmgr.msc

200

Real-time system statistics
 –CPU, memory, disk access, etc.
• Starting
 –Ctrl-Alt-Del,
select
 –Ctrl-Shift-Esc

Task Manager

300

Built-in antivirus for Windows 10 and 11
 –No additional third-party products required
• Included in the Windows Security app
 –Virus & threat protection

Microsoft Defender Antivirus

400

 A database of everything on the network
 –Computers, user accounts, file shares,  
printers, groups, and more
• Manage authentication
 –Users login using their AD credentials
• Centralized access control
 –Determine which users can access resources
• Commonly used by the help desk
 –Reset passwords
 –Add and remove accounts

Active Directory

500

APIPA

 (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

Assigns 169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254.255

There’s no static address or DHCP server
 –Communicate locally (link-local address) 

Command Line

100

Force a Group Policy update

gpupdate

200

–A better Xcopy
 –Included with Windows 10 and 11

robocopy

300

 Lookup information from DNS servers
 –Canonical names, IP addresses, cache timers, etc.
• Lookup names and IP addresses
 –Many different options

What is nslookup?

400

• Test reachability
 –Determine round-trip time
 –Uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• One of your primary troubleshooting tools
 –Can you ping the host?

What is Ping ?

500

Ping your local router/gateway
• Determine TCP/IP and network adapter information
 –And some additional IP details
• View additional configuration details
 –DNS servers, DHCP server, etc.

ipconfig

Random 3

100

 –Remove directory

• rd / rmdir

200

Fixes logical file system errors on the disk

 chkdsk /f

300

Manage disk configurations

diskpart

400

Scan integrity of all protected system files

What is  sfc?
• System File Checker

500

 Combine ping and traceroute
 –Included with Windows NT and later
• First phase runs a traceroute
 –Build a map
• Second phase
 –Measure round trip time and packet loss at each hop

pathping