Arrest
This is the taking of an adult or juvenile into physical custody, in return for a promise that he or she will appear at a place and time specified and submit to the jurisdiction and judgment of the court, guaranteed by a pledge to pay to the court a specified sum of money or property if the person fails to appear
What is Arrest?
An appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially assessed and the of the charges on which they are being held.
What is initial appearance?
A specified sum of money paid to the court in exchange for release prior to trial.
What is bail?
What is the procedding before a judicial officer where three matters must be decided: whether a crime was committed; whether the crime occured within the territoral jurisdiction of the court; and whether there are reasonable grounds to beleive that the defendant committed the crime
What is preliminary hearing?
The process whereby both parties to a case learn of the evidence that the opposition will present.
This exists when relying on trustworthy information a police officer believes that a suspect has committed or will commit an offense
What is probable cause?
This is the requirement that evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution during an illegal arrest, search, or other process cannot be used in criminal trial.
What is exclusionary rule?
A person whose business is paying the bail of those in custody who cannot independently afford their own.
What is a bail bondsman?
A hearing during which the defendant is notified of the formal charges that have been filed against them and asked to enter a plea.
What is arraignment?
The prosecutors formal charging document and the alternative to a grand jury indictment that informs the defendant of what crime he or she is charges with.
What is information?
A written response by a grand jury, signed by the foreperson, stating that there is sufficient evidence that a crime has occurred and the accused committed the crime.
What is a true bill of indictment?
A law enforcement or correctional administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority.
What is booking?
The unsecured pretrial release sof an accused person with the understanding they will return for all appearances.
Release on recognizance
What is an indictment?
A fact that is significant to the issue or matter at hand in a criminal trial.
What is materiality?
This type of arrest can be made by any person when a crime has been committed in their presence.
What is citizen's arrest?
This evidence is inadmissible because of the legal way in which it was obtained.
The person pursuing a criminal for a reward.
What is a bounty hunter?
The Fifth Amendment requirement that a person cannot be reprosecuted after acquittal, reprosecuted after conviction, or subjected to separate punishment for the same offense.
What is double jeopardy?
A documented record of custodial preservation of evidence in the original condition in which it was discovered during an investigation
What is chain of custody?
The Supreme court recognized that a suspicious police officer can briefly stop and detain a suspect in order to determine their identity, to ask pertinent questions, and to conduct a cursory search of their outer garments.
What is Terry v. Ohio?
A legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure
What is fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?
The U.S. Legislation that gave judges power to revoke bail for firearm possession and curfew violation, among other things.
What is the Federal Bail Reform Act of 1984?
The act of the defendant explaining to the judge exactly what they did and why.
What is allocution?
This is relatively limited because of the constitutional rights enjoyed by criminal defendants.