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Pericardial Effusion
Week 2- Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiac Tamponade
Week 2- Cardiovascular Physiology & conduction
Week 1
100

What is the best view to ideal view to differentiate a pericardial effusion from a pleural effusion?

PLAX

100

What are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle?

IVCT, Systole, IVRT, Diastole

100

Cardiac tamponade is also known as-

Swinging heart

100

What increases preload?

ASD, VSD, PDA, Regurgitation

100

What is the o2 saturation in the pulmonary veins?

98%

200

What is the size of small pericardial effusion?

< 10mm 

50-100ml

200

What are the 4 heart sounds?

AV valves close, SL close, REF, Atrial kick

200

How do we differentiate pericardial versus pleural effusion?

In LAX- Pericardial effusion is seen anterior to DAO and does NOT change with respiration. Pleural is posterior to DAO and may change with respiration.

200

What increases afterload?

AS, PS, Systemic HTN, Pulmonary HTN

200
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, endocardium, myocardium

300

What is the normal amount of fluid in the pericardial space?

10-30ml

300

What is the normal range for cardiac output?

4-8 l/min

300

What are the two m-mode characteristics seen with cardiac tamponade? 

Paradoxical septal motion, RV diastolic collapse

300

What is the name of the capsule we can use to increase heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output?

Amyl nitrate

300
What is another name for the RVOT?

Infundibulum or conus arteriosus

400

What is the size of a large pericardial effusion?

10-20mm 

100-500ml

400

The atrial kick corresponds with which part of the EKG.

P wave

400

What are the 3 main treatments of cardiac tamponade?

Pericardiocentisis, pericardial window, pericardectomy

400

Myocardial cells do not require external stimulus to spontaneously depolarize- this is called:

Property of automacity

400

The ___________ is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus.

Ligamentum arteriosum.

500

Which type of pericardial effusion may contain fibrin strands?

Exudative

500

What is the term for cardiac output corrected for BSA?

Cardiac Index

500

What are the components of Beck's triad?

Hypotension, Muffled heart sounds, elevated venous pressure

500

What is the name of the interatrial tract which the atria communicate?

Bachmann's bundle

500

What is embryonic remnant that appears as a "web-like" structure sometimes seen in the RA?

Chiari network