Terms
A series of economic programs and reforms started by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1936. The goal was to give work to unemployed people and help business and the economy improve. It represents a greater role that Western democracies played in the economy as a result of the Great Depression.
The New Deal
Born as Temüjin, he was the founder and Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. (1162-1227)
Genghis Khan
Burial sight of mumtaz mahal wife of Shah Jahan. A building made of white marble inlaid with precious stones
Taj Mahal
Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.
Qur'an
It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.
95 Theses
"Mongol Peace" from mid-1200's through mid-1300's imposed stability and law and order across Eurasia. Guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of empire to other.
Pax Mongolica
(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. His account helped inspire the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Marco Polo
The United States built it to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Colombians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.
The Panama Canal
Religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews.
Judaism
One of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed and the number of films produced. It is an example of a global culture due to its popularity throughout Asia and Africa.
Bollywood
Small shrine located near the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian, and cherish the ambition of visiting it on pilgrimage, or hajj, in accord with the command set out in the Qurʾān.
Ka'ba
Military dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990. He implemented extreme free market reforms and repressed dissent and leftist movements. He left power in 1990 after losing the 1988 referendum to prolong his term in power. He died before being tried for human rights violations.
Augusto Pinochet
Ship canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. Its strategic importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882.
Suez Canal
The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.
Karma
A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first crude but workable steam engine in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760s and 1770s. Steam power was then applied to machinery.
Steam Engine
A group of Muslim, Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. They make up most of China's Muslim population today.
Uighurs
Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.
Hagia Sophia
The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.
Moksha
First produced in 1928, these drugs fight bacterial infections in the body. They were first used in World War II. They are the most important class of drugs in Western medicine.
Antibiotics
First Islamic Empire, lasted 661-750 CE; conquered North India, North Africa, and Spain in 711, attempted to conquer Constantinople, but failed both attempts. The capital was Damascus, Syria. It was the largest Muslim empire in history.
Umayyad Caliphate
He was the military leader who entered Edo Bay forcing the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty forced Japan to open its ports to American traders and whalers.
Matthew C. Perry
Akbar's entirely new capital city.
Fatehpur Sikri
Descendants of Ali- Shi'ites believed they were the only true heirs of Islam
Imams
The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron.
Bessemer Steel Converter