Chapter 1
What are the dimensions of health and well being?
Physical health and wellbeing, social health and well being, emotional health and well being, mental health and well being, spiritual health and well being.
Define trend
A trend is a general change or movement in a particular direction. For example via a graph where trends are increasing in obesity rates over the past 20 years.
Name 2 things smoking could lead to in regards to physical health
- cardiovascular disease
- many forms of cancer (mouth, lung, stomach)
- prenatal and infant health outcomes (low birth weight, premature death)
- respiratory condiitons (asthma)
- increased risk if infection
Name the 3 factors that influence the health status among population groups within Australia
- biological
- sociocultural
- environmental
Define Public health
Public health is the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status and prevent disease.
Give 2 reasons of the importance of health and well being for individuals.
- sleep well
- work productively
- earn an income
- exercise
- reduced health care costs
- spend time with friends
- run a household
-
Define morbidity
Define binge drinking (it is different for males and females)
Binge drinking in Australia is consuming 7 or more standard drinks for males and 5 or more standard drinks for females in one sitting.
Name 3 biological factors that impact health status
- body weight
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol
- glucose regulation
- birth weight
- genetics
What are the strategies for health promotion as outlined in the ottawa charter?
- advocate
- enable
- mediate
What are 3 prerequisites for health?
- peace
- shelter
- education
- food
- income
- stable ecosystem
- sustainable resources
- social justice
- equity
what is the difference between mortality and mortality rate?
Mortality is the number of deaths in a population in a given period, whereas mortality rate (sometimes referred to as 'death rate'), the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period (usually per 100,00).
Name 2 possible long term health conditions linked to overweight and obesity.
- cardiovascular disease
- type 2 diabetes
- some cancers
Define socioeconomic status (SES)
A persons position in society relative to other people based on 3 factors:
- income
- occupation
- education
Name 3 services covered by medicare
- x rays
- eye tests performed by optometrists
- pathology such as blood and urine tests
- doctor and specialists consultations
- accomodation in public hospitals
What is the importance of health and well being globally?
- reduce risk of disease transmission between countries
- assists in promoting peace and stability
- promotes social development
- promotes sustainability
What is the difference between Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years of Life Lost due to Disability (YLD)?
YLL is a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death, whereas YLD is a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury, or disability.
what are the 4 types of fats?
- monounsaturated (healthy)
- polyunsaturated (healthy)
- saturated (unhealthy)
- trans (unhealthy)
What are people living in lower socio-economic status more likely to experience?
- lower life expectancy
- greater burden of disease
- higher mortality rates
- higher rates of disability
- a greater rate of avoidable deaths
Describe the National Disability Service Scheme (NDSS)
The NDSS is a national insurance scheme that provides services and support for people (under 65) with permanent, significant disabilities, and their families and carers. Was introduced in 2013, is an independent agency that is funded by Commonwealth and State G’ments,
What is the definition of communicable diseases?
infectious diseases that are transmitted from the environment including through air, water, food, and other infected organisms (including other humans).
How is burden of disease measured?
Burden of Disease is measure in a unit called Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), where one DALY is the equivalent of one year of life lost due to premature death or the equivalent time of healthy years lost as a result of living with a disease or disability.
Name 3 possible long term impacts of tobacco smoking
- lung cancer
- mouth cancer
- respiratory illness
- cardiovascular disease
What is a difference between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians?
- lower SES compared to non indigenous Australians
- non indigenous Australians have lower mortality rates compared to indigenous Australians
- burden of disease was 2.3 times higher in indigenous Australians compared to non indigenous Australians
- 4 times higher to get kidney disease in indigenous Australians compared to non indigenous Australians
What is the role of Australia's health system in promoting health sustainability?
- promoting disease prevention and early intervention
- ensuring adequate funding and regulation of health system
- ensuring an efficient health workplace and system
- research and monitoring