Diagnostic Tools and Imaging
Which imaging modality is commonly used as an initial screening tool for brain and CNS tumours?
a. Computed tomography (CT)
b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c. Positron emission tomography (PET)
d. X-ray
b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
What is the term for the surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the skull to access the brain?
a. Craniotomy
b. Craniectomy
c. Cranioplasty
d. Craniotomyectomy
a. Craniotomy
The most common brain tumour in children is:
a. Astrocytoma
b. Craniopharyngioma
c. Ependymoma
d. Pineoblastoma
a. Astrocytoma
Which race has a higher incidence of malignant brain tumours?
a. Asians
b. Africans
c. Caucasians
d. Native Americans/ Alaskan
c. Caucasians
Most adult and paediatric brain tumours arise in which regions respectively:
a. Supratentorial and infratentorial
b. Both infratentorial
c. Both supratentorial
d. Infratentorial and supratentorial
a. Supratentorial and infratentorial
Which type of brain tumour is most commonly associated with seizures?
a. Glioblastoma multiforme
b. Meningioma
c. Medulloblastoma
d. Ependymoma
b. Meningioma
What is the purpose of stereotactic neurosurgery?
a. To remove brain tumours
b. To repair spinal cord injuries
c. To treat epilepsy
d. To precisely target and treat specific areas of the brain
d. To precisely target and treat specific areas of the brain
An 11-year-old female underwent surgery for a mass in the temporal lobe. Histopathology revealed a 5.8 cm × 5.5 cm × 5.2 cm mass with well-differentiated tissues including hair and teeth. This type of tumour arises from:
A) Neuroglial cell
B) Neurons
C) Totipotential germ cell
D) Mesoderm
C) Totipotential germ cell
Brain tumours are more common in which gender? 200
a. Male
b. Female
c. Both
a. Male
Most adult brain tumours are supratentorial. Which one is usually not?
a. Glioblastoma
b. Oligodendrogliomas
c. Hemangioblastoma
d. Hemangioma
c. Hemangioblastoma
Which brain tumour is commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)?
a. Glioblastoma multiforme
b. Schwannoma
c. Medulloblastoma
d. Oligodendroglioma
b. Schwannoma
What is the name of the procedure that involves the decompression of the spine?
a. Laminectomy
b. Craniotomy
c. Microdiscectomy
d. Spinal fusion
a. Laminectomy
A 5 year old child presents with headache, frequent vomiting and blurry vision. After
imaging an astrocytoma is suspected. What is the most common type of astrocytoma in
children?
a. Fibrillary astrocytoma
b. Glioblastoma
c. Pilocytic astrocytoma
d. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
c. Pilocytic astrocytoma
Meningiomas are more common in:
a. Men
b. Women
c. Elderly
d. Children
b. Women
Which paediatric brain tumour displays Homer Wright rosettes on histology?
a. Medulloblastoma
b. Astrocytoma
c. Ependymoma
d. Craniopharyngioma
a. Medulloblastoma
Which histological feature is characteristic of an astrocytoma?
a. Rosenthal fibres
b. Homer-Wright rosettes
c. Psammoma bodies
d. Reed-Sternberg cells
a. Rosenthal fibres
What is the primary objective of neuroendoscopy in neurosurgery?
a. To remove brain tumours
b. To repair spinal cord injuries
c. To visualize and treat intracranial lesions
d. To stimulate specific brain regions
c. To visualize and treat intracranial lesions
Which of the following features indicate an atypical meningioma (WHO grade II)?
a. Meningioma with 4 mitoses per 10 high-power fields
b. Meningioma with 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields
c. Meningioma with necrosis but no other worrying features
d. Meningioma with CEA-immunopositive, PAS-positive secretory globules
a. Meningioma with 4 mitoses per 10 high-power fields
The most common cause of brain tumours in adults is:
a. Radiation
b. Familial predisposition
c. Metastases
d. Head injury
c. Metastases
In a child with pinealoma, there is a sign of vertical gaze palsy that is seen because of severe obstructive hydrocephalus and it’s called Parinaud syndrome or setting-sun sign. What is the cause of this?
a. Compression of the inferior colliculi
b. Compression of the tectum and superior colliculi
c. Compression of the trochlear nerve
d. Compression of the tectum and inferior colliculi
b. Compression of the tectum and superior colliculi
Which molecular marker is commonly associated with the diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma?
a. IDH1 mutation
b. EGFR amplification
c. 1p/19q codeletion
d. BRAF V600E mutation
b. EGFR amplification
Which neurosurgical technique is used to treat brain aneurysms by placing a small metal coil within the aneurysm to prevent rupture?
a. Craniotomy
b. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
c. Endovascular coiling
d. Transsphenoidal surgery
c. Endovascular coiling
Which subgroup of medulloblastoma has the best prognosis?
a. Sonic hedgehog subgroup
b. WNT subgroup
c. Group 3 or classical
d. Group 4
b. WNT subgroup
_____ of brain tumours are primary brain tumours, while _____ are metastases.
a. 30%, 70%
b. 50%, 50%
c. 70%, 30%
d. 90%, 10%
a. 30%, 70%
On immunohistochemistry, glioblastoma multiforme strains positive for:
a. Synaptophysin
b. Glial fibrillary acidic protein
c. S100 protein
d. Cytokeratin
b. Glial fibrillary acidic protein