IV Fluids
What is an example of an isotonic fluid?
A: 0.9%NS, LR
List two symptoms of hypernatremia
A: Increased thirst, oliguria, confusion, lethargy and pulmonary edema, seizures, coma, death
Name two causes of hypernatremia
A: Tube feeding, Hypertonic IV fluid, Overuse of salt tablets,inadequate fluids, Diarrhea, Profuse sweating, Inadequate free water intake, Diabetes
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5--5 mEq/L
What is a treatment for hypokalemia?
Oral or IV K replacement
What is an example of a hypotonic IV solution?
A: D5W, D51/2NS, ½ NS
The Trousseau sign is associated with which electrolyte abnormality?
A: Hypocalcemia
Name three causes of hypercalcemia
A: Hyperparathyroidism, Paget disease,Bone tumors, Multiple Myeloma
Leukemia, Milk-alkali syndrome, Vitamin D overdose, Thiazide diuretics
Genetic conditions
What is the normal range for sodium?
135-145 mEq/L
Name two treatments for hypocalcemia
A: IV Calcium gluconate, oral calcium, decreased phosphate
Giving this type of fluid will cause fluid to shift from the intracellular space to the extracellular space.
What is a hypertonic solution
What EKC changes could you expect for hypokalemia?
Flattened T waves and appearance of U wave
Excessive intake of antacids and laxatives could result in this electrolyte abnormality
A: hypermagnesemia
A sodium level of 150 is considered...?
Hypernatremia
D5W is given (slowly) to help address this electrolyte abnormality
Hypernatremia
This isotonic fluid should be avoided in individuals with kidney disease due to the risk of hyperkalemia
This imbalance results in increased neuromuscular activity, which can manifest as a winking of the eye/lifting of the corner of the mouth when the facial nerve is tapped.
A: hypocalcemia (Chvostek sign)
This is the most common electrolyte abnormality resulting from refeeding syndrome.
Hypophosphatemia
What potassium level would you expect for an individual with peak T waves?
>5.0 mEq/L
Treatment of this electrolyte abnormality may involve supplemental phosphate
Hypercalcemia
Which type of fluid would you anticipate giving an individual with severe hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L)?
In this electrolyte abnormality, muscle weakness/lethargy results from the RMP becoming more negative requiring more stimulus to generate an AP.
Hypokalemia
Elevations in parathyroid hormone cause this electrolyte abnormality
Hypercalcemia
What electrolyte abnormality would you expect in an individual with a phosphate level of 5.1 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia.
Hyperphosphatemia --> Hypocalcemia (inverse relationship)
Treatment of this electrolyte imbalance involves IV glucose
Hypokalemia