Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks form in layers that lay in this direction. (Options: Horizontal or Vertical)
What is horizontal?
This rock is changed by heat, pressure, shearing and fluids. It can also exhibit recrystallization, or growth, of minerals.
What are Metamorphic rocks?
This sediment originates from living organisms (shells, skeletal structures, waste, coral pieces, chert, etc)
What is Biogenous sediment?
This is a fracture or discontinuity in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.
What is a fault?
This is the biggest size of sediment
What is a boulder?
Smallest to largest order (clay, silt, sand, granule, pebble, cobble, boulder)
These are the two basic schemes to classify sedimentary rocks.
What are sediment size and sediment type?
The key mineral in defining metamorphic rocks. This mineral also grows in clay/mud in a process called recrystallization.
What is Micah?
This material is mostly inorganic, derived from land masses and collects in huge sequences along edges of continents.
(example - mud flowing from a river)
What is Terrigenous Sediment?
This is a width of crust across which movement has occurred. Often composed of numerous subparallel or anastamosing faults or microscopic shear surfaces.
What is a shear zone?
These are the three main types of faults?
What are normal fault (divergent), reverse fault (convergent), strike-slip fault?
The three most important types of sedimentary rocks.
What are sandstone, shale (mudstone) and limestone.
Metamorphism as a result of exposure to hot fluids passing through permeable rocks which adds color to rocks.
What is hydrothermal alteration?
Forms 'in place' and appears right out of the water due to change in temperatures and pressures.
Example - an evaporated lake leaving behind salt flats
What is Hydrogenous Sediment?
Is the known rate at which decay of the parent atoms into stable daughter isotopes occurs at?
What is the Half-Life?
The period of erosion that removes rock, often due to uplift and mountain building with no deposition.
What is unconformity-old erosion?
This is formed from plankton shells that form gooey substance on ocean floor that becomes hard stone
What is an Ooze?
The two kinds of environments where faults can deform rocks.
What is near the surface and/or the middle crust?
Kryptonite, the rock that weakens Superman, originates from the planet Krypton and is therefore this type of Sediment.
What is Cosmogenous Sediment?
This person proposed that some rocks are made from magma instead of just from water.
Who is James Hutton?
The glassy mineral grains from melting of asteroids hitting Earth's atmosphere.
What are tektites?
The four stages of sedimentary processes.
What are weathering, erosion/transport, deposition and lithification?
This rock forms with an increase in pressure more so than temperature which takes place in the guts of a subduction zone. This rock is off the path of increasing metamorphic grade (increasing pressure and temperature).
What is Blueschrist?
The story of the layer fossils (helps identify age of the layer)
What is stratigraphy or "strata"?
Crystalizing mineral traps a set amount of this element at a particular closure temperature.
What is radiogenic element?
This has older rocks in the middle and layers dip away from the hinge line while syncline has younger layers in the middle and layers that dip toward the hinge line.
What is Anticline?