Nutrition Basics
____________ is the process of breaking food down into a form that can be absorbed by the intestines.
Digestion
Glucose is the preferred fuel source for what extremely important organ?
The brain!
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
Which of these foods are considered to be a complete protein?
Foods: eggs, black beans, tofu, sesame seeds
Eggs, tofu
Where is the storage site for protein?
None. There is no specific storage site
What is the approximate body water content for an adult expressed as a percent of body weight?
~55-60%
Name two functions of water-soluble fiber.
Promotes satiety, helps maintain glucose homeostasis, helps lower blood cholesterol
During which life stage do humans require the most amount of protein per kilogram of body weight?
Infancy (early development)
Fruit, oatmeal, and beans are a good source of which type of dietary fiber?
Water-soluble fiber
When consumed in excess, carbohydrates and protein are converted into what?
Fat, fatty acids
Which nutrients provide energy?
Protein, carbohydrates, fat
What is the daily value for carbohydrates?
275 grams per day
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in adults? Don't forget to include the units!
0.8 g/kg body weight
Would you expect the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of the following foods to be high or low?
Foods: Chicken, eggs, fish, tofu
High PER
What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
On a Nutrition Facts food label, the energy value of a food is expressed in __________ and represents the __________ energy present in the food.
Calories, physiologically available
SPECIAL PRIZE QUESTION
Type 1 diabetes is a health condition that results in the inadequate production of what hormone and where is this hormone produced?
Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas
The quality of a food protein ultimately depends on what?
The essential amino acid content
Whole-grains, vegetables, and beans are a good source of which type of dietary fiber?
Water-insoluble fiber
During adulthood, which type of proteins are least affected from protein deficiency?
Slow turnover proteins
The ___________ is the amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people in the population.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Where does chemical digestion for carbohydrates begin and what is the name of the enzyme that begins this chemical breakdown?
The mouth with salivary amylase
What part of the protein determines how a protein is folded?
The amino acid sequence and/or R-group
Which of these food proteins have a limiting amino acid?
Almond butter, tofu, fish, refried beans
Almond butter and refried beans
In an individual with type 2 diabetes, what is a strategy that may improve insulin sensitivity?
Exercise/physical activity