The Immune System
What is a stem cell?
a kind of cell that is capable of becoming any kind of specialized cell
True or False: All microbes are good.
If false, make the statement true.
false
Microbes can be good or bad.
What is the only source of new genetic variation?
mutations
True or False: Complex interactions between ecosystems and communities are desirable.
If false, make the statement true.
true
Name two direct values of biodiversity.
medicinal, agricultural, consumptive use
Where are T cells made and matured?
made in bone marrow; matured in the thymus
True or False: Sexual reproduction does not occur in prokaryotes.
true
Bird wings and butterfly wings examples of _______.
analogous structures
Mimicry is an example of _______.
coevolution
What is an endangered species?
a species that faces immediate extinction
What kind of cell engulfs foreign molecules to eliminate them?
phagocytes
What kind of archaea thrive in hot, acidic, and aquatic environments?
thermoacidophiles
Bees carry pollen from Auburn to Montgomery. What agent of evolutionary change is this an example of?
gene flow
What kind of symbiosis benefits one organism and neither benefits nor harms the other?
commensalism
What is the first phase of the exponential growth curve?
lag phase
What kind of immunity comes into play when innate defenses weren't enough?
adaptive immunity
What are the 3 bacterial shapes?
rods (bacillus), spherical (coccus), spiral (spirilla)
The random selection of alleles turns a population of 50% white mice and 50% gray mice to 30% white mice and 70% gray mice.
What is this an example of?
genetic drift
What kind of symbiosis is represented by +/+?
mutualism
Approximately how many species are on Earth?
~8.7 million, not counting bacteria or viruses
List the 5 immunoglobulins.
IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE
What kind of horizontal gene transfer occurs when viruses transfer DNA from one bacterium to another?
transduction
Squirrel A has gray fur, a long tail, and 8 offspring. Squirrel B has brown fur, a short tail, and 4 offspring. Which is more fit?
Squirrel A
What principle says no two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time when resources are limited?
competitive exclusion principle
What kind of growth has an S-shaped curve?
logistic growth